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Mass die-offs from human impact and planetary response could occur by early 2016

Archive for April, 2010

Mudslide Buries Chemical Factory in China

Posted by feww on April 22, 2010

Landslide Kills at least 8 People in Jiande City China

Initial reports of how and when the two female and six male workers were killed are conflicting. In fact the number of the victims could be higher.

The following bulletins were broadcast by the official Xinhua news agency.  The worrying aspect of their reporting is the change in the cause of deaths:

Seven killed in east China landslide

English.news.cn 2010-04-21 00:27:00

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-04/21/c_13260201.htm

HANGZHOU, April 20 (Xinhua) — Seven people were killed in a landslide in east China’s Zhejiang Province Tuesday, local authorities said.

The landslide buried part of a factory at 2:30 p.m. in Daciyan town, Jiande city, trapping six men and two women workers, said Yan Weihua, of the publicity department of Jiande Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.

The seven died during medical treatment.

One worker, who was pulled from the debris late Tuesday, was still receiving emergency treatment in hospital.

The workers were employed in Jinkai Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., which was located at the foot of a hill.  Editor: yan

And a later bulletin read:

Eight confirmed dead in east China landslide

English.news.cn 2010-04-21 08:50:56

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-04/21/c_13260635.htm

HANGZHOU, April 21 (Xinhua) — The eight people buried in a landslide in east China’s Zhejiang Province Tuesday have been confirmed dead, a doctor said Wednesday morning.

The doctor with the No.3 People’s Hospital in Jiande City told Xinhua that all of the eight people had been already dead when they were sent to hospital, with their mouths full of mud and sand.

The landslide buried part of a factory at 2:30 p.m. in Daciyan Town, Jiande City, trapping six men and two women workers, said Yan Weihua, of the publicity department of Jiande Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China.

The workers were employed by Jinkai Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd., which was located at the foot of a hill.  Editor: Lin Zhi

Related Links:

  • Landslides [Index page for landslides and related links]

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Posted in disaster 2010, east China landslide, Landslide, mudslide | Tagged: , , , , | 5 Comments »

Offshore Oil Rig Explodes

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

Oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana’s coast explodes many injured, missing

Seventeen crew workers seriously injured, 3 of them critically, 15 others missing

The explosion occurred on Deepwater Horizon, an offshore oil-drilling platform 66km (41 miles) southeast of Venice, Louisiana, at about 10 p.m. (ET) Tuesday, the US Coast Guard said.


‘State of the art,’ semisubmersible Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig on Fire, April 20, 2010 at approximately 10:00 p.m. central time. Photo: Scott Lloyd/United States Coast Guard.

The fire was “large and intense,” and the rig was still burning Wednesday morning, according to various reports. “It’s burning pretty good and there’s no estimate on when the fire will be put out,” a coast Guard officer said.

The rig owners, Transocean, said the rig has been on lease to BP Exploration & Production since September 2007.

No news concerning the extent of oil pollution that would most probably have occurred as a result of fire was available as of posting.


Deepwater Horizon Location Map.
No information was made available concerning the extent of probable oil pollution, which may have been caused by the massive fire on the oil platform, as of posting. Base Map: Google Earth. Click image to enlarge.

The Deepwater Horizon before the explosion

News Release: Transocean Ltd. Reports Fire on Semisubmersible Drilling Rig Deepwater Horizon

ZUG, SWITZERLAND, Apr 21, 2010 (MARKETWIRE via COMTEX) –Transocean Ltd. (NYSE: RIG) (SIX: RIGN) today reported a fire onboard its semisubmersible drilling rig Deepwater Horizon. The incident occurred April 20, 2010 at approximately 10:00 p.m. central time in the United States Gulf of Mexico. The rig was located approximately 41 miles offshore Louisiana on Mississippi Canyon block 252.

Transocean’s Emergency and Family Response Teams are working with the U.S. Coast Guard and lease operator BP Exploration & Production, Inc. to care for all rig personnel and search for missing rig personnel. A substantial majority of the 126 member crew is safe but some crew members remain unaccounted for at this time. Injured personnel are receiving medical treatment as necessary. The names and hometowns of injured persons are being withheld until family members can be notified.

Transocean is the world’s largest offshore drilling contractor and the leading provider of drilling management services worldwide. With a fleet of 140 mobile offshore drilling units plus three ultra-deepwater units under construction, the company’s fleet is considered one of the most modern and versatile in the world due to its emphasis on technically demanding segments of the offshore drilling business. Its worldwide fleet is more than twice the size of the next-largest competitor. The company owns or operates a contract drilling fleet of 46 High-Specification Floaters (Ultra-Deepwater, Deepwater and Harsh-Environment semisubmersibles and drillships), 26 Midwater Floaters, 10 High-Specification Jackups, 55 Standard Jackups and other assets utilized in the support of offshore drilling activities worldwide.  SOURCE: Transocean Ltd.

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Posted in BP, Deepwater Horizon, gulf of mexico, offshore Drilling, oil and gas drilling | Tagged: , , , , , , | 6 Comments »

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – UPDATE 21 April

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

Eyjafjallajökull Rumbling, Churning out Magma

Eyjafjallajökull has entered a Strombolian-like phase of explosive of  activity, producing magma splatters, but less ash and smoke than the previous days.The plume, however, is till rising to a height of about 3,500m.

The magma in Eyjafjallajökull cauldron seems to be more viscous  than in its neighboring Fimmvörðuháls fissure,  the Icelandic  Met Office reported, adding that the interaction of magma with ice and melt water had decreased.

Icelandic Met Office:  Update on activity
Eruption in Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland
Current events
Deflation – 20 April 2010 13:30 [22:30UTC]

Latest available results from GPS stations around Eyjafjallajökull showed deflation associated with the eruption. This suggested that the volume of eruptive material which has been ejected already, relieves pressure off the volcano.

No movements associated with the Katla volcano are presently observed. END

Thórólfsfelli (Þórólfsfelli) View

Hvolsvelli View

Valahnúk View

Latest webcam images of Eyjafjallajökull show the volcano is still petty much active. Frames frozen at 08:42UTC on April 21, 2010. Click images to enlarge.

There is no sign of lava flow as yet, but the situation could change rapidly.

“It seems that the ice cauldrons over the eruption site have coalesced to form a larger cauldron. In spite of magma splatters, no lava flow has been detected yet.”

“Heavy sound blasts have been heard and found near Eyjafjallajökull, especially south and east of the mountain. The viscosity of the magma from Eyjafjallajökull is higher than on Fimmvörðuháls and this enhances the explosive sound effect which can be heard over long distances.” it said.

Nearly all of the European airports have now reopened, however, the travel chaos with an unprecedented backlog of about 100,000 flight cancellations continues. The 6-day flight ban has cost the airlines more than one billion dollars. The actual cost to the unsustainable economies of Europe may be even larger.


Eldgosið í Fimmvörðuhálsi var undanfari eldgossins í Eyjafjallajökli. Árni Sæberg. Source: MBL-Island. Image may be subject to copyright.

A Silver Lining to the Ash Cloud?

University students in Britain have estimated the amount of carbon dioxide released by  Eyjafjallajökull Eruption  at 150,000 metric tons per day. The figure compares with 510,000 tons of CO2 per day emitted as a result of the planes flying normally over Europe. Their estimates seem to imply a ‘saving’ of 360,000 tons of CO2 per day as a result of the flight restriction over Europe. Source:  Reuters report.


ASTER on NASA’s Terra satellite acquired the above image at 1:50 p.m. local time on April 19. The image shows both the eruption plume and the heat signature of lava at the volcano’s summit and at nearby Fimmvörduháls fissure. Source: NASA. Click image to enlarge.

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Serial No 1,603. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in Eyjafjallajökull eruption, eyjafjallajokull map, iceland ash cloud, Iceland volcano, magma | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , , , , | 8 Comments »

Who’s Afraid of Volcanic Ash Clouds?

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

Thar: Another Encroaching Desert

Pall of Dust Covers Pakistan-India Border Region

The nearest volcanoes from the Thar Desert on the Pakistan-India Border Region are about 1,000km away. And there aren’t nearly as many of them as in  Iceland. The area won’t receive a significant amount of the volcanic ash from Eyjafjallajökull Eruption,  but there would be plenty of sand and dust to compensate for the airborne particles.


The photo like image taken by MODIS on NASA’s Aqua satellite shows a large dust storm over the Thar Desert on the border between India and Pakistan April 20, 2010. Source: NASA
. Click image to enlarge.

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Posted in dust storm, Eyjafjallajökull eruption, Sandstorm, Thar Desert, volcanic ash | Tagged: , , , | Leave a Comment »

El Niño Update [21 April 2010]

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions

El Niño Weekly UPDATE prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP –  19 April 2010

The latest weekly SST departures are:

  • Niño 4   ~  0.8ºC
  • Niño 3.4  ~  0.8ºC
  • Niño 3 ~ 0.8ºC
  • Niño 1+2 ~ 1.1ºC


El Niño Map. [SOURCE: NOAA/ Climate Prediction Center / NCEP]

Summary

  • El Niño is present across the equatorial Pacific Ocean.
  • Sea surface temperatures (SST) are more than 1.0ºC above-average across muchof the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
  • Based on current observations and dynamical model forecasts, El Niño is expected to continue through the Northern Hemisphere spring 2010 and transition to ENSO-neutral conditions by Northern Hemisphere summer 2010.

Related Links:

El Niño Updates – Previous 5 Issues:

  • El Niño [Main Page, Links to Weekly Updates Archive]

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Serial No 1,601. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in Climate Prediction, El Niño, El Niño 2010, El Niño report, El Niño today | Tagged: , , , , , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption: Flight Ban Lifted

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

How Prepared Are YOU for a Major Disaster?

Eyjafjallajokull volcano is producing more lava, ash plume smaller:  Icelandic Scientists

Eyjafjallajökull Activity Easing for Now: Europe’s skies are open, but there are too many stranded passengers to deal with

Here’s a summary of what’s happening in Europe right now:

Flight bans are lifted in Europe after nearly a week of restrictions caused by volcanic ash clouds drifting from Eyjafjallajökull glacial volcano.

Since last Thursday, April 15, some 100,000 flights from and to European destinations were canceled, stranding an estimated 18 million passengers worldwide, most of them in Europe. The cancellations came into effect a day after Eyjafjallajökull erupted, ejecting massive plumes of ash into the air, which drifted towards UK and rest of Europe.


Scale of disruption to the flights over Europe April 21, 2010. Image sourced from BBC World News, and may be subject to copyright. See Fire-Earth Fair Use Notice for details. Click image to enlarge.

From “NO Tolerance” to “Tolerance” in a few threats

The UK Met Office, which is the North-west European Volcanic Ash Advisory Center with responsibility for issuing the Volcanic Ash Advisories for volcanoes erupting in that area, had previously said that it would support decision-making by the UK’s National Air Traffic Service (NATS), the country’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) and other aviation authorities.

“It is for the aviation industry and regulator to set thresholds for safe ash ingestion. Currently, world-wide advice from ICAO is based on engine and airframe manufacturers stating that aircraft should not be exposed to any volcanic ash.” It said in a statement.

So the Airports and airlines went knocking angrily on the plane manufacturers doors:

“The major barrier to resuming flight has been understanding tolerance levels of aircraft to ash,” the CAA said in a statement

“Manufacturers have now agreed increased tolerance levels in low ash density areas.”

“Transport Secretary Lord Adonis, who made the initial announcement, denied the decision to reopen airspace was the result of pressure from the airline industry.” BBC reported.

“The issue at stake here has been the assessment of the safety authorities as to what is the safe way in which planes can fly when there is a presence of ash.” He said.

“The fact which has changed in the last week is we have had a volcanic eruption and having to assess safe levels of ash content in the atmosphere within which planes can fly has been an urgent issue which the safety authorities have had to deal with.”

The fact that some of the airplanes may fall out of the sky in 3 months time, without anyone revealing what exactly caused the crash(s) is entirely irrelevant to his Lordship’s falsity.

“This solution has been reached as a result of the close working between the government, the Civil Aviation Authority, airlines and the manufacturers, and will allow the thousands of UK citizens stranded abroad to return home to their families.” The UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown said. [The safety of passengers has never been a paramount issue.]

“We will of course continue to monitor the situation closely; as we have said throughout safety is our primary concern,” he added. [You mean when when a BA plane crashes? More likely, you'd probably help cover up what caused it, if that happened.]

DO NOT FLY PLANES THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO VOLCANIC ASH!

How Prepared Are YOU for a Major Disaster? More on this later.

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Serial No 1,600. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in iceland ash cloud, Iceland volcano | Tagged: , , , , | 3 Comments »

Google reveals fraction of govt censorship requests

Posted by feww on April 21, 2010

What about Google’s ‘insider’ censorship?

Most (99.99%) of Internet censorship is carried out by Google on its own accord and for monetary gains!

Google reveals a tiny fraction of government data requests and censorship

blocked-by-google-s
Note: The above image incorporates the Google logo, which is a trade mark of that disgraceful corporation.

Google has released some details of how often it surrenders user data to various governments or censors information on their behalf.

Google’s list:

  1. Brazil  government (3,663 data requests)
  2. United States (3,580)
  3. The UK (1,166)
  4. India (1,061)

This partial revelation follows Google’s move to pull its search engine out of China over disagreement with the Chinese government concerning the mechanics (not the principles) of online censorship issues.

Google refused to provide statistics on the extent of its censorship in China, calling them “state secrets.”

Google says it also removed content on behalf of various governments as follows (July and December 2009):

  • Brazil (291)
  • Germany (188)
  • India (142)
  • US (123)

“Google’s numbers are not nearly as transparent as they could be,” said Tom Krazit of CNET.com.

“The tool doesn’t break out the data for the number of times Google complied or refused requests for information on individuals. It does say how often—in general—it complies with takedown requests, but does not provide specifics.”

The “tool” [more like bit] is available at www.google.com/governmentrequests

So, what’s the issue? Isn’t Google coming clean with its censorship data?

Far from it. What Google has been doing can be classified as a variation of “insider dealing” concerning the dissemination of information. Google’s suppression of critical information is financially motivated. The company’s practice of censorship is meant to assist and protect its partners and clients.

Most (99.99%) of Internet censorship is carried out by Google on its own accord and for monetary gains!

Who are Google’s partners? The multinationals, national corporations, and even smaller companies, AS WELL AS government agencies like NASA,USGS, NOAA and others in the U.S. [also many organizations in other countries] in which Google has a direct financial stake.

Google has but one motto: “Take Their Money!”

If any information posted on the Internet conflicts in the slightest way with Google’s ability to maximize its global financial interests, that information is suppressed in a number of ways including by filtering, hiding, burying and ultimately removing from Internet.

How do we know this?

Fire-Earth closely monitors the traffic to blog posts, and notes large anomalies with the entries criticizing Google, its partners and clients. Those posts  invariably become “invisible.” See also:  Google’s Top 10 List of ‘Holy Cows’ and California Earthquake Forecast – Update 4.


Another recommended Google logo.

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Serial No 1,599. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in Google, Internet censorship | Tagged: , , | Leave a Comment »

Eyjafjallajökull Erupting – UPDATE: 20 Apr

Posted by feww on April 20, 2010

Considerable volcanic activity is occurring at three separate craters at Eyjafjallajökull, with explosions heard continually

Plume of ash is reaching a height of about 6,000m asl. The ash is accumulating around the edge of the craters and is beginning to form a rim. Lava splatters were earlier ejected to a height of about 3 km this morning.

The visibility in the vicinity of Eyjafjoll and at Asolfsskali var was reported at 500 meters, about two hours ago (~ 07:00UTC).

“There is no risk of flash floods because the water is continuously flowing off the glacier.” Local experts said.

Iceland Met Office  (IMO) – Update on activity
Eruption in Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland
Sound blasts – 20 April 2010 at 12:30(UTC)

Heavy sound blasts have been heard and found near Eyjafjallajökull, especially south and east of the mountain, and more clearly after wind speeds became lower. Possible explanation: Very hot gases rise from the eruptive channel. When surfaced, the temperature of the gases drops sharply with abrupt changes in pressure. These result in shock- and sound waves which can be carried long distances in air. END.

Volcanic Ash Drift from Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull Eruption

This image uses infrared data from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite to generate a false colour composite image. This presents information about the infrared radiation being emitted by the ash plume, and by surrounding clouds, at several different wavelengths. Because cloud particles and volcanic ash particles interact with the infrared radiation in different ways, they show up as different colours when the data are presented in this way (but it is important to note that these are false colour images, and the colours do not correspond to the actual colours that would be seen by the human eye). Please refer to the forecaster blog to read the latest information regarding the evolution of the plume. Caption: UK Met Office

How Bad is the Ash Drift in the UK?

A spokesman for UK’s National Air Traffic Service (NATS) said: “The volcano eruption in Iceland has strengthened and a new ash cloud is spreading south and east towards the UK. This demonstrates the dynamic and rapidly changing conditions in which we are working.  Latest information from the Met Office shows that the situation is worsening in some areas.”

Latest Eruption Images from the Webcams – Click images to enlarge

Eyjafjallajökull seen from Hvolsvelli

Eyjafjallajökull seen from Thórólfsfelli

Eyjafjallajökull seen from Valahnúk

Image of Ash from Eyjafjallajökull by NASA’s MODIS

Large plume of ash and fumes is seen spewing out of the volcano’s craters.

Eyjafjallajökull Captured by ALI on NASA’s EO-1 satellite

Download large image (2 MB, JPEG)

Ash Drift Graphics Issued by Volcanic Ash Advisory London, UK

Animation of an Advisory Chart

This is an illustration of volcanic ash dispersion up to 20,000 ft, issued at 7 am (06:00UTC) on 20 April. Advisory charts are issued every six hours, for up to 18 hours ahead, by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, London, UK.

Polar Orbiter Imagery

These images show the progression of the main volcanic ash plume from Eyjafjallajökull on April 15, as detected using data from polar orbiting satellites operated by NOAA and EUMETSAT. As with the MSG images, these make use of the varying properties of the ash particles at different wavelengths. The ash cloud signal is yellow and orange in this sequence. The early images are able to detect only a very narrow section of plume close to the Icelandic coast, mainly because of the presence of higher-level ice clouds which are obscuring much of the ash below. Succeeding images show the ash plume developing more clearly as it spreads eastwards. Caption: UK Met Office.

Cross-Sectional Diagrammatic Representation of What Eyjafjallajökull and Katla might look like

For more information email Páll Einarsson (palli@raunvis.hi.is)

Insight into the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull from GPS data – Sigrún Hreinsdóttir and Þóra Árnadóttir [Source: Institute of Earth Sciences- NVC]

20. April 2010: Latest results from GPS stations around Eyjafjallajökull show deflation associated with the eruption. No movements associated with the Katla volcano are presently observed – Benedikt Ófeigsson and Bryndís Brandsdóttir

In the first two days of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano summit eruption (14. April), two GPS stations located north (STE2) and south (THEY) of the summit crater moved rapidly toward the eruption site (about 6 cm contraction between stations). Modeling of the GPS data suggest deformation due to a volume change of a shallow magma source (1 km depth). This is consistent with chemical analysis of the magma erupted, intermediate chemical composition (58 wt% silica) (Níels Óskarsson). The volume decrease estimated from the GPS data (3-10 million cupic m) is however only a small portion of the volume estimated to have erupted in the first few days (Magnús Tumi Guðmundsson et al.). GPS stations around Eyjafjallajokull volcano (http://notendur.hi.is/runa/eyja_gps.html) show continued deflation of the region, but now at a much slower rate at the stations closest to the summit. This could indicate continued deflation of another and deeper magma source.

Volume of erupted material and magma discharge for the first 72 hours

The Institute of Earth Sciences has now made a preliminary estimate of erupted material in the first three days of the eruption at Eyjafjallajökull. The erupted products are fragmented material, the majority fine-grained airborne tephra. Eruptive products can be split into three categories:
1. Material (tephra) in the ice cauldrons around the volcanic vents.
2. Tephra filling the glacial lagoon of Gígjökulslón, carried by floods down the outlet glacier Gígjökull.
3. Airborne tephra that has been carried to the east and south of the volcano (see memo by Thorvaldur Thordarson, Guðrún Larsen and Ármann Höskuldsson, pdf-file)

The preliminary results are as follows:
Tephra in ice cauldrons 30 Million m³
Tephra in Gígjökull lagoon 10 Million m³
Tephra fallout from eruption plume 100 Million m³
Total: 140 Million m³

The tephra is uncompacted, these values corresponds to some 70-80 Million m³ of magma. The average magma discharge rate is about 300 m³/s or 750 tonnes/s.
This is 10-20 times the averge discharge rate in the preceeding flank eruption at Fimmvörðuháls.

Magnús Tumi Guðmundsson; Þorvaldur Þórðarson; Guðrún Larsen; Ármann Höskuldsson; Þórdís Högnadóttir; Eyjólfur Magnússon
[Source: Institute of Earth Sciences- NVC]

How fine is the ash?

After the ashfall in the 14-16 April eruption, the Environment Agency collected samples  from Mýrdalssandur (50 km away from the eruption site), which were then  analyzed by Institute of Earth Sciences . The ash had a high fluorine content and was fine grained in the follows composition:

  • 24% of the sample was smaller than 10 μm (aerosol)
  • 33% of the sample measured 10-50 μm
  • 20% of the sample measured  50-146 μm
  • 23% of the sample measured 146-294 μm
  • Source: IMO

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Serial No 1,598. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in eyjafjallajoekull volcano, Iceland volcano, Thórólfsfelli, Valahnúk, volcano | Tagged: , , , , , , | 1 Comment »

Iceland’s Bárdarbunga May Be Erupting

Posted by feww on April 20, 2010

Fire Earth Moderators Believe Iceland’s Bárdarbunga May Be Erupting or is about to Erupt.

If our long-distance assessment is correct, the next eruption at Bárdarbunga/ Grímsvötn or any of the other 6 volcanoes listed below could spell a major disaster for Iceland.

Iceland seismic record for the past 48 hours shows 7  separate cluster of quakes in the vicinity of the following volcanoes (See image below)

  1. Kolbeinsey ridge (Last erupted: 1999)
  2. Krafla (1984)/ Theistareykjarbunga (< 1000 BC)/ Tjörnes fracture zone (1868)
  3. Askja (1961)
  4. Bárðarbunga (1903) and neighboring Grímsvötn (2004)
  5. Grímsnes (> 3500 BC)
  6. Reykjanes (1879)
  7. Eyjafjallajökull (Currently ongoing)

Bárdarbunga, one of the most active volcanoes in Iceland, is a massive volcano with a  700-m-deep caldera which lies beneath the NW Vatnajökull icecap.  A fissure eruption at Thjorsarhraun produced about 21 km³ of lava, the largest known Holocene lava flow on the planet.

Powerful eruptions may occur among the volcanoes lying along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The plate tectonics could also translate into increased seismicity along the divergent plate boundary and boundaries of neighboring plates.



Source: Iceland Met Office. © Veðurstofa Íslands


Original Caption:  Map showing the Mid-Atlantic Ridge splitting Iceland and separating the North American and Eurasian Plates. The map also shows Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, the Thingvellir area, and the locations of some of Iceland’s active volcanoes (red triangles), including Krafla.

The consequences of plate movement are easy to see around Krafla Volcano, in the northeastern part of Iceland. Here, existing ground cracks have widened and new ones appear every few months. From 1975 to 1984, numerous episodes of rifting (surface cracking) took place along the Krafla fissure zone. Some of these rifting events were accompanied by volcanic activity; the ground would gradually rise 1-2 m before abruptly dropping, signaling an impending eruption. Between 1975 and 1984, the displacements caused by rifting totaled about 7 m.  Source: USGS.


Original Caption: Aerial view of the area around Thingvellir, Iceland, showing a fissure zone (in shadow) that is an on-land exposure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Right of the fissure, the North American Plate is pulling westward away from the Eurasian Plate (left of fissure). This photograph encompasses the historical tourist area of Thingvellir, the site of Iceland’s first parliament, called the Althing, founded around the year A.D. 930. Large building (upper center) is a hotel for visitors. (Photograph by Oddur Sigurdsson, National Energy Authority, Iceland. Source: USGS.

Continued …

Related Links – Fire-Earth entries on Eyjafjallajökull and other useful  sources:

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Serial No 1,597. Starting April 2010, each entry on this blog has a unique serial number. If any of the numbers are missing, it may mean that the corresponding entry has been blocked by Google/the authorities in your country. Please drop us a line if you detect any anomaly/missing number(s).

Posted in Bárdarbunga volcano, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, North American plate, rifting, Thingvellir | Tagged: , , , , | 15 Comments »

Eyjafjallajökull Ejects ‘Lava Lumps’

Posted by feww on April 20, 2010

Eruption at the Eyjafjallajökull

Eyjafjallajökull has been ejecting “lumps of lava”  from the volcano crater in the glacier in the past few hours, local geo-scientists have reported.


The Electric
Eyjafjallajökull. Date and photographer unknown. Image may be subject to copyright. Click Source for more photos. Click image to enlarge.


A column of ash steam and fumes rises above one of the three main craters at Eyjafjallajokull glacier. April 19, 2010. Soiurce: Reuters/Jon Gustafsson/Helicopter.is/Handout.

Meanwhile, Icelandic Meteorological Office reported that ashfall in the capital Reykjavik was unlikely. The risk is mitigated by easterly wind, blowing the ash away from the capital area, and rain forecast which could reduce the risk of ashfall.

Direct observations of Eyjafjallajökull showed  that lave was being splattered out of the volcano. The volcanic plume reached a height of about 3,000m (10000 feet), peaking to about 5,200m (17000 feet).

The local experts reported the plume as being  mostly white, “but with very dark pillars of smoke” blending in. “According to the Icelandic Meteorological Office website, the plume rose up to 4000 meters at 8:50 this morning. A lower plume indicates that water cannot enter the crater and that lava has begun to flow into it.”A report said.

There was no report of lava flows from the volcano, as of posting.

Ash Cloud Over Europe

Weather patterns continue to blow vast pockets of ash towards the UK and Ireland.

The UK Met Office, which is the North-west European Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre with responsibility for issuing the Volcanic Ash Advisories for volcanoes erupting in this area, said their priority and role is provide information that would support decision-making by NATS, CAA and other aviation authorities .

“It is for the aviation industry and regulator to set thresholds for safe ash ingestion. Currently, world-wide advice from ICAO is based on engine and airframe manufacturers stating that aircraft should not be exposed to any volcanic ash.” It said.


Shades of orange represent the volcanic ash in the atmosphere. © Copyright EUMETSAT/Met Office. Click image to enlarge.


The above is an illustration of volcanic ash dispersion up to 20,000 ft, issued at 7 am on 19 April. Advisory charts are issued every six hours, for up to 18 hours ahead, by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center.


Volcanic Ash Advisory Graphics from London Met Office. Image may be subject to copyright. Click image to enlarge.

Ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull reached  Canada’s Eastern seaboard

“The ash cloud is very diffuse, moving slowly and should not affect Canadian airports,” said an Environment Canada spokeswoman.

A forecaster at UK’s Met Office said it was unlikely that the ash would drift much further into North America.

“It is just skirting into the Newfoundland area over the next 12 to 18 hours. It doesn’t look as if it is going to get much further west than that, just on the coast and a little further inland.” He said.

Newfoundland is the closest tip of North America to Iceland.

Photo Links:

Related Links – Fire-Earth entries on Eyjafjallajökull and other useful  sources:

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Afghanistan Quake, Leaves 100 Dead and Injured

Posted by feww on April 20, 2010

M5.6 Earthquake Strikes Afghanistan Killing about a dozen people and injuring dozens more.

The quake was centered at 35.669°N, 67.653°E and struck at a depth of about 10km on April 18, 2010 at 20:28:50 UTC. The Moderators expected some casualties as a result of the quake, but there was no immediate news of casualties or damage available initially.

“The villages were destroyed and the local routes were blocked from slipping mountain rocks on to the roads,” said Hajji Ghulam Sakhi Baghlani, the provincial assistant governor, UPI reported.

The death toll could rise as more people could be buried under the rubble of collapsed buildings, he said.

According to another report hundreds of livestock had perished as a result of the quake which also left 300 homes damaged.

The area where this quake occurred is close to Afghanistan’s Hindu Kush Mountains, which is earthquake-prone. NATO bombardment in the region, past and present, could trigger more violent quakes.

10-degree Map Centered at 35°N,70°E


Location Map. Source: USGS/EHP.Click image to enlarge.

Seismic Hazard Map


Major Tectonic Boundaries: Subduction Zones -purple, Ridges -red and Transform Faults -green. Source: USGS/EHP.

Felt Reports: Felt (IV) at Mazar-e Sharif. Felt (II) at Kabul and Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Also felt at Baghlan, Bagrami, Bamian, Baraki Barak, Gaz Aab, Pangabv, SHebergan and Sahrak, USGS/EHP said.

Earthquake Details:

  • Magnitude 5.4 [USGS/EHP estimate]
  • Date-Time:
    • Sunday, April 18, 2010 at 20:28:50 UTC
    • Monday, April 19, 2010 at 12:58:50 AM at epicenter
  • Location: 35.669°N, 67.653°E
  • Depth: 10 km (6.2 miles)
  • Region: CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN
  • Distances:
    • 125 km (80 miles) SSE of Mazar-e Sharif, Afghanistan
    • 180 km (110 miles) SSE of Termiz (Termez), Uzbekistan
    • 180 km (110 miles) SSW of Shaartuz, Tajikistan
    • 190 km (115 miles) NW of KABUL, Afghanistan
  • Location Uncertainty horizontal +/- 4.9 km (3.0 miles)
  • Source: USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)
  • Event ID: us2010vfby

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Posted in Baraki Barak, earthquake, Mazar-e Sharif quake, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | Tagged: , , , , , , | 3 Comments »

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – UPDATE 19 Apr 2010

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

A Time to Reorganize!

Another Massive Plume of Volcanic Ash from Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Invades UK Airspace

You could have a situation in the not-too-distant future whereby 2, 3, 4, 6 even 8 volcanoes located  ‘inconveniently’ would erupt simultaneously, ejecting ash and fumes into atmosphere unabatedly.

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Status:

  • Eyjafjallajökull is currently erupting with the ash plume reaching a height of about 7.5 to 10km
  • Two large plumes of ash are drifting toward Europe


Latest Image of eruption at  Eyjafjallajökull. Source: Frettabladid, Island. Image may be subject to copyright.

Large amounts of volcanic ash fell overnight in a vast area from Ásólfsskáli to Sólheimajökull, Iceland, the country’s Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management reported. “Work is in progress to close off National route 1(Suðurlandsvegur) from Markarfljótsbrú as far as Sólheimajökull. Visibility has been at around 400 to 500m, reducing to 100m in some areas. This morning there were reports from Þorvaldseyri that there was almost no visibility at all.”

“From midnight last night steady northerly winds blew over the eruption, which according to information from the Icelandic Met Office, should continue today and therefore present the possibility of ash fall in the area under the glacier and even over Vestmannaeyjar.” The report said.

In Europe: UK

UK airspace will remain  closed until 1:00BST (00:00UTC) on Tuesday April 20, 2010, due to the ongoing volcanic activity in Iceland.

“The Eyjafjallajökull volcano is still erupting and weather patterns continue to blow volcanic ash towards the UK. Ongoing observations have detected dust in the atmosphere and on the ground. On Sunday afternoon a research aircraft observed volcanic ash over the UK as far south as southern England. UK Met Office said.

Satellite image of ash plume at 0745 UTC on Monday 19 April 2010 – Image below is a false color composite.


Shades of orange represent the volcanic ash in the atmosphere. © Copyright EUMETSAT/Met Office. Click image to enlarge


IR Satellite image of the UK and Ireland. © Copyright EUMETSAT/Met Office.  Click image to enlarge.


The above is an illustration of volcanic ash dispersion up to 20,000 ft, issued at 7 am on 19 April. Advisory charts are issued every six hours, for up to 18 hours ahead, by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center.


Icelandic volcano – Air ash concentration graphics – 18 April 2010 – Different colors represent different concentration rates with red high and blue low. Exact concentrations are not given because they are dependent on the amount of material emitted from the volcano. Interpretation of the actual concentration values requires reliable knowledge of the rate at which the material is erupted. Source: UK Met Office

Articles by Iceland Review (English)

More Photos

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8 in 10 Americans do not trust the U.S. government

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

Submitted by a reader

Highest Rate of Distrust in Government

About 80 percent of Americans say they do not trust the U.S. government to do the right thing

Only one fifth  of Americans say they trust the government “just about always” or “most of the time,” a Pew Research Center survey said.

The distrust of the government is at an all-time record since a previous high of 73 percent during the Eisenhower administration in 1958, when the issue of “trust” was first included in a national survey, Pew Research said.

What is causing the huge distrust in the government? Pew cites economic uncertainty, overwhelming discontent with Congress, distrust of the elected officials among other reasons for to the current wave of public distrust.

Only about 25 percent of the 5,000 people who were surveyed said they thought the Congress was functioning at some level, the lowest rate of confidence in a quarter o a century, Pew said.

Mr Obama will probably be remembered as the President who fired the final shot that killed America!

Related Links:

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Posted in Distrust in Government, Oval Office, US government, US zeitgeist, White House | Tagged: , , , , | 2 Comments »

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano Cauldron – Satellite Images

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano Cauldron and Ash Plume  Seen in NASA Satellite Images


Visible (left) and infrared (right) images of Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano, acquired April 17, 2010, from the Hyperion instrument onboard NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft. Image credit: NASA/JPL/EO-1 Mission/GSFC/Ashley Davies

In the left-hand image, created from visible wavelengths, new black ash deposits are visible on the ground, as well as nearby brilliant unsullied ice and snow and the volcano’s brown, billowing plume. The plume’s dark color reflects its large ash content. These fine particles of pulverized rock are carried high into the atmosphere, where they create a hazard for aviation and are carried long distances by the prevailing winds.

In contrast, the false-color, infrared image at the right reveals the intense thermal emissions (at least 60 megawatts, or 60 million watts) emanating from the vent at the base of the massive plume. This thermal emission, equivalent to the energy consumption of 60,000 homes, represents only a small proportion of the total energy being released by the volcano as its molten lava interacts violently with ice and water. Each image covers an area measuring 7.7 kilometers (4.8 miles) wide, and has a resolution of 30 meters (98 feet) per pixel. The vertical direction is north-northeast. Images and Caption: NASA [Edited for brevity.]

Related Links:

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – Satellite Images
Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – UPDATE Apr 18 [Other links to Eyjafjallajökull are found on this page]

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Posted in Eyjafjallajökull, Fimmvörduháls, Iceland volcano, volcanic eruption, volcano | Tagged: , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Lift Volcanic Ash Flight Ban—Multinationals

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

Sacrificing Sanity for Money

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Status:

  • Currently erupting with the ash plume reaching a height of about 7.5km
  • A large pocket of ash is drifting toward Europe


Volcanic Ash Advisory from London Met Office – Issued graphics – Received at 06:36GMT on 19 April 2010


Above is an illustration of volcanic ash dispersion up to 20,000 ft, issued at 7 pm on 18 April. Advisory charts are issued every six hours, for up to 18 hours ahead, by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center.

Latest updates and advisories from UK Met Office -

Last updated: 20:26GMT on Sunday, 18 April 2010

… because of the worsening volcanic activity UK airspace has now been closed until 7am Monday.

The Eyjafjallajökull volcano is still erupting and weather patterns continue to blow volcanic ash towards the UK. Over the weekend, Met Office observations have detected dust in the atmosphere and on the ground. A research aircraft has recently encountered dust during its flight, albeit in fairly low concentrations

Decisions on flights and airline movement is controlled by National Air Traffic Services (NATS).

We will continue to produce forecasts of the ash cloud and will assess the impact into the week in consultations with CAA and NATS.

“We’re losing money, besides our test flights didn’t fall out of the sky.”

Europe’s air industry as well as a large number of international corporation have demanded an urgent removal of flight bans imposed because of ash from Eyjafjallajökull volcano.

Siding with the corporate paymasters, EU Transport Commissioner Siim Kallas is on record as saying that the “unprecedented situation” was “not sustainable” and that European authorities were working to find a solution.

“We cannot just wait until this ash cloud dissipates,” Siim Kallas was reported as saying.

Airspaces in 21 European countries were closed or partially closed as of posting.

According to the International Airports Council, ACI, about 313 airports had been completely or partially shut down because of the no-fly ban with an international  backlog of 63,000 canceled flights representing just under 7 million air travelers [Fir earth estimates are 78,000 flight and 14 million passengers.]

The airports are hit by a double whammy because they no longer just places where planes take off and land; they are colossal shopping malls, targeting the air travelers. On a per passenger basis, the airports are making more money than the airlines. [In case you ever wondered why you have to go to the airport 3-6 hours before your flight and walk 12 km to board the plane...]

Why is volcanic ash do dangerous?

Volcanic ash is composed of small tephra, or tiny bits of pulverized glass and rock that are created by volcanic eruptions. The particles are usually accompanied by several gases including sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is mixed with water in the air and converted into droplets of sulfuric acid and other substances that are harmful to the plane. Volcanic ash is potentially deadly to aircraft and their passengers. It poses three types of danger to aircraft by way of:

  • Clogging the engine and causing engine failure
    • Clogging the fuel and cooling systems
    • Melting in the hot parts of the engine, and fusing on engine components thereby causing loss of engine thrust that could lead into a flame out, shutting down the engine
    • Breaking the blades and other sensitive components inside the turbine
  • Causing physical damage to various parts of the plane including abrasion of engine parts, the airframe, as well as control and steering mechanism
  • Reducing visibility

What about the test flights?

Dutch and German airlines as well as British Airways have carried out “test flight” within the no-fly zone at altitudes of about 30,000ft (9.1km) on Saturday and Sunday, apparently without any visible damage to the planes.

The most obvious dangers of such recklessness are that the concentration of airborne ash particles is neither uniform, nor constant. The impact of ash on the plane may vary depending on several factors including continued activity at the volcano, which produces more ash as the time goes by, wind pasterns and others.

High concentrations of ash may exists in air pockets that the previous test flights avoided, or changing wind patterns could increase the concentration of ash in an air route within minutes.

Airlines are desperate because, in addition to losing money for each flight canceled [they claim the ban is costing them $200million each day,] their stock values are taking a nosedive, too. In fact some of the major carriers could lose by as much as 10 percent of their share values by Tuesday.

Why Airlines Might Prefer Crashing their Planes…

Do airlines prefer crashing their planes, rather than having them idle on the airport tarmacs? The arithmetic is simple: If an airline crashes a plane, insurance will pay.  If the planes sits on the tarmac, they lose money.

Countries that have been impacted

The Airspace in the following countries are fully closed:
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK

Airspace partially closed:

Italy (northern airspace closed until Monday); Norway (2 -3 airports closed); Bulgaria (only a few airports are open); Poland (half dozen airports, including Warsaw, are open); Sweden (northern airports are now open); France (southern airports have now opened)

NO airspace restriction:

Greece, Lithuania, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine

Carriers that have canceled flights to Europe on Monday:

China Airlines of Taiwan, Cathay Pacific,  Japan Airlines, Qantas, Air New Zealand, Thai Airways and Korean Air.

Related Links:

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Posted in Iceland volcano | Tagged: , , | 1 Comment »

 
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