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Global land and ocean combined surface temperature reached a near-record high
2017 was the third-warmest year on record globally, behind 2016 (first) and 2015, according to the 28th annual State of the Climate report. The planet also experienced record-high greenhouse gas concentrations as well as rises in sea level.
Sea level rise hit a new high
Highest levels of of greenhouse gases on record
Heat in the upper ocean hit a record high
Record low Arctic maximum sea ice coverage
Record low Antarctic sea ice coverage
Image of the Day: No. of Days with Extreme Heat [NOAA]
Arctic’s oldest ice each week since 1990 – NOAA Climate
Time lapse of the relative age of Arctic sea ice weekly since 1990. The oldest ice (9 or more years old) is white. Seasonal ice is darkest blue. Old ice drifts out of the Arctic through the Fram Strait (east of Greenland), but in recent years, it has also been melting as it drifts into the southernmost waters of the Beaufort Sea (north of western Canada and Alaska). Video produced by the Climate.gov team, based on data provided by Mark Tschudi, University of Colorado-Boulder.
Arctic Sea Ice – On the Decline 2015
At 4.41 million square kilometers or 1.79 million square miles, 2015 was the fourth-smallest summer sea ice minimum extent in recorded history. This is 1.87 million square kilometers below the 1981 to 2010 average extent.
Record low Arctic sea ice maximum extent also occurs early this year
Arctic sea ice extent appeared to have reached its annual maximum extent at 14.54 million square kilometers (5.61 million square miles), on February 25, 2015, marking an early start of the melt season, said National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).
The 2015 maximum extent occurred 15 days earlier than the 1981 to 2010 average date of March 12, however, a late season surge in ice growth could still occur, said NSIDC, adding that it will post a detailed analysis of the winter sea ice conditions in April.
Measured at 14.54 million square kilometers (5.61 million square miles), the lowest in the satellite record that began in 1979. the ice probably reached its maximum extent for the year on February 25. The maximum extent was 1.10 million square kilometers (425,000 square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 average of 15.64 million square kilometers (6.04 million square miles) and 130,000 square kilometers (50,200 square miles) below the previous lowest maximum that occurred in 2011, said NSIDC.
Below-average ice conditions were observed everywhere except in the Labrador Sea and Davis Strait. This year’s maximum occurred 15 days earlier than the 1981 to 2010 average date of March 12. The date of the maximum has varied considerably over the years, occurring as early as February 24 in 1996 and as late as April 2 in 2010.
“Over the next two to three weeks, periods of increase are still possible. However, it now appears unlikely that there could be sufficient growth to surpass the extent reached on February 25.”
Arctic sea ice extent for February 25, 2015 was 14.54 million square kilometers (5.61 million square miles). The orange line shows the 1981 to 2010 median extent for that day. The black cross indicates the geographic North Pole. Sea Ice Indexdata. About the data. Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center.High-resolution image
Temperatures throughout the eastern Arctic were several degrees Celsius above average at the 925 hPa level (approximately 1,000m, or 3,000 feet altitude) during the first half of March, and climbed as much as 8 to 10 degrees Celsius (14 to 18 degrees Fahrenheit) above average in the Barents Sea between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, reported NSIDC.
Minimum Ice Extent
The Arctic sea ice will reach its annual minimum extent in September (assuming that there would still be some ice left this year!)
The ice reached its lowest minimum cover in 2012 with 2.11 million square kilometers (1.31 million square miles), which was about 483,000 square kilometers (300,000 square miles), or 18.6 percent, lower than the previous record low of 2.59 million square kilometers set in 2007.
SPECIES EXTINCTION COLLAPSE OF BIODIVERSITY SCENARIOS 998, 900, 444, 222, 114, 04, 02, 01 .
Mass walrus haulout on Alaska shore as ice vanishes
The adult walruses, which can weigh about 1,225 kilograms, need sea ice as haulout platforms to rest, give birth, nurse and protect their young.
Pacific walruses have been hauling out on land in Alaska since 2006, as summer sea ice retreats, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
“The walruses are hauling out on land in a spectacle that has become all too common in six of the last eight years as a consequence of climate-induced warming. Summer sea ice is retreating far north of the shallow continental shelf waters of the Chukchi Sea in U.S. and Russian waters, a condition that did not occur a decade ago. To keep up with their normal resting periods between feeding bouts to the seafloor, walruses have simply hauled out onto shore,” said USGS.
Hauling out refers to the behavior associated with seals and walruses of temporarily leaving the water to gather on land or ice. Watch a video.
About 35,000 walruses (~ 15 to 20 percent of the Pacific walrus population), hauled out on a beach in the Chukchi Sea near the village of Point Lay, Alaska, some 1130km (~ 700 miles) northwest of Anchorage because of lack of sea ice in this September 2014 photo taken by Corey Accardo / NOAA/NMFS/AFSC/NMML.
Onshore haulouts endangers female walruses and their calves, which can be trampled and killed during frequent stampedes.
Additionally, the walruses may be adversely affected hauling out on shore and using nearshore feeding areas, rather than their preferred behavior of using the ice as a haulout platform, on which to rest while remaining near rich feeding grounds, said USGS.
“One of the differences between this haul out and other ones is the sheer size and number of animals coming to shore,” said an ecologist with the USGS.
Arctic sea ice reached its minimum for the year on September 17, reported the National Snow & Ice Data Center (NSIDC). This year’s retreat was “the sixth lowest extent in the satellite record and reinforces the long-term downward trend in Arctic ice extent.”
Arctic Sea ice reaches annual maximum extent at 15.13mkm²
Arctic sea ice likely reached its maximum extent for 2013, at 15.13 million square kilometers (5.84 million square miles), the 6th lowest in satellite record, the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported.
Arctic sea ice extent on March 15 was 15.13 million square kilometers (5.84 million square miles). The orange line shows the 1979 to 2000 median extent for that day. The black cross indicates the geographic North Pole. —Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center.
The maximum ice extent was 733,000 km² below the 1979 to 2000 average of 15.86 million square kilometers.
The maximum occurred on March 10, five days later than the 1979 to 2000 average date of March 10.
The 2013 maximum ice extent was the 6th lowest in the satellite record, said NSIDC.
The lowest maximum extent occurred in 2011; ten lowest maximums have occurred in the last ten years (2004 – 2013).
Arctic sea ice extent as of March 24, 2013, along with daily ice extent data for the previous five years. 2012 to 2013 is shown in blue, 2011 to 2012 in green, 2010 to 2011 in pink, 2009 to 2010 in navy, and 2008 to 2009 in purple. The 1979 to 2000 average is in dark gray. The gray area around this average line shows the two standard deviation range of the data. —Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center
Over the 2012 to 2013 winter season, sea ice extent grew a record 11.72 million square kilometers (4.53 million square miles). The record growth was primarily a result of the record low minimum last September, leaving a greater extent of ocean surface uncovered in ice to re-freeze this winter. This seasonal ice gain is 645,000 square kilometers (249,000 square miles) higher than the previous record (2007 to 2008) and 2.63 million square kilometer (1.02 million square miles) higher than the 1979 to 2000 average. Last autumn’s record low and this winter’s record ice growth indicate a more pronounced seasonal cycle in Arctic sea ice and the increasing dominance of first-year ice in the Arctic. —NSIDC
Related Links
Polar Ice Page [Includes an index of links to Arctic Sea Ice ]
IF YOU WRECKED A HOLIDAY INN MOTEL ROOM , YOU’D PROBABLY GO TO JAIL.
Northern Hemisphere Ice Cover Continues Shrinking
The Arctic Sea Ice Extent shrank to 3.46 million square kilometers (3,456,695.22 km²) on September 12, 2012, according to National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).
Multi sensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent – Northern Hemisphere (MASIE -NH), September 11, 2012. Source: The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Northern Hemisphere ice cover (million km²). Center for Ocean and Ice, Danish Meteorological Institute
Original Caption: The total area of sea ice is the sum of First Year Ice (FYI), Multi Year Ice (MYI) and the area of ambiguous ice types, from the OSISAF ice type product. However, the total estimated ice area is underestimated due to unclassified coastal regions where mixed land/sea pixels confuse the applied ice type algorithm. The shown sea ice extent values are therefore recommended be used qualitatively in relation to ice extent values from other years shown in the figure. In late 2012 sea ice climatology and anomaly data will be available here.
Northern Hemisphere Ice Cover falls below 3.6 million km² —FIRE-EARTH
As of September 5, 2011, the Arctic sea ice extent (ASIE) was 3,686,199.43 km² according to NSIDC.
Daily average ice melt for September currently stands at more than 87,000 km², NSIDC data shows.
Arctic sea ice extent fell below 3.6 million square kilometers (1.39 million square miles) on September 6, 2012, FIRE-EARTH estimates.
FEWW model shows the Arctic sea ice extent could fall to about 3 million km² (1.15 million square miles) during the 2012 melt season with a probability of 0.5 [P = 54%]
Multi sensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent – Northern Hemisphere (MASIE -NH), September 5, 2012. Source: The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Arctic sea ice extent shrank to about 3.65 million square kilometers (1.41 million square miles) on September 2, 2012, FIRE-EARTH estimates.
FEWW modelshows the Arctic sea ice extent could fall to about 3 million km² (1.15 million square miles) during the 2012 melt season with a probability of 0.5 [P = 54%]
Arctic sea ice extent as of September 1, 2012. Image Source: NSIDC
Arctic sea ice extent, September 1, 2012. FIRE-EARTH estimates the NH ice cover fell below 3.65 million km² (1.41 million square miles) on September 2, 2012.Image Source: NSIDC
Arctic Sea Ice Cover: Denmark’s Center for Ocean and Ice (DMI)
Original caption: Current Sea Ice extent. Total sea ice extent on the northern hemisphere since 2005. The ice extent values are calculated from the ice type data from the Ocean and Sea Ice, Satellite Application Facility (OSISAF), where areas with ice concentration higher than 30% are classified as ice. The total area of sea ice is the sum of First Year Ice (FYI), Multi Year Ice (MYI) and the area of ambiguous ice types, from the OSISAF ice type product. However, the total estimated ice area is underestimated due to unclassified coastal regions where mixed land/sea pixels confuse the applied ice type algorithm. The shown sea ice extent values are therefore recommended be used qualitatively in relation to ice extent values from other years shown in the figure.
Arctic sea ice extent shrank to about 3.87 million square kilometers (1.49 million square miles) on August 29, 2012 and continued melting, FIRE-EARTH estimates. The new record low was 100,000 km² below the September 18, 2007 daily extent of 4.17 million km².
FEWW model shows the Arctic sea ice extent could fall below 3.8 million km² during the 2012 melt season with a probability of 0.8 [P≥77%]
Arctic sea ice extent, August 29, 2012. FIRE-EARTH estimates the NH ice cover has fallen below 3.87 million km².Image Source: NSIDC
Arctic sea ice extent as of August 29, 2012. The ice extents is now the lowest in the satellite record. Image Source: NSIDC
Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Cover Falls to Record Low
Arctic sea ice extent shrank to 4.10 million square kilometers (1.58 million square miles) on August 26, 2012 and continued melting. The new record low was 70,000 km² below the September 18, 2007 daily extent of 4.17 million km², National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported.
FEWW modelshows the Arctic sea ice extent could fall below 3.8 million km² during the 2012 melt season with a probability of 0.7 [P≥72%]
Arctic sea ice extent as of August 26, 2012, along with daily ice extent data for 2007, the previous record low year, and 1980, the record high year.The six lowest ice extents in the satellite record have occurred in the last six years (2007 to 2012). Source: NSIDC
Arctic sea ice extent for September 18, 2007, daily extent of 4.17 million km², and August 26, 2012 (right), 4.10 million km². Source: NSIDC
[Note: NSIDC has changed the date and extent of the 2007 minimum to September 18, 2007 and daily extent of 4.17 million km² from the previous figure of 4.28 million km²]
In view of the continued hacking and censorship of this blog by the Internet Mafia, the Moderators have decided to maintain only a minimum presence at this site, until further notice.
FIRE-EARTH will continue to update the 2011 Disaster Calendar for the benefit of its readers.
The Blog Moderators Condemn in the Strongest Possible Terms the Continued Removal of Content and Hacking of FIRE-EARTH and Affiliated Blogs by WordPress!
Disaster Calendar 2011 – September 7
[September 7, 2011] Mass die-offs resulting from human impact and the planetary response to the anthropogenic assault could occur by early 2016. SYMBOLIC COUNTDOWN: 1,652 Days Left to the ‘Worst Day’ in Human History
Arctic Ocean. Satellite data processed by the University of Bremen showed Arctic ice extent on September 5 fell below the same date in 2007.
Greenhouse gases are responsible for half of Arctic ice cover retreat from 1979 to 2005.
August average Arctic sea ice extent in 2011 fell to the second lowest level for the month since records began in 1979, NSIDC reported.
In August, ice extent retreated at a faster than average pace of 67,700 km²/day . The average decline rate for August 1979 to 2000 was 53,700 km²/day.
Average ice extent for August 2011 was 5.52 million km², or 160,000 km² above the record low set inAugust 2007, and 2.15 million km² or 28% below the average for 1979 to 2000.
On August 31, 2011 Arctic ice extent was 4.63 million km², or 100,000 km² above the previous record low for the same date, set in 2007.
Air temperatures were up to 4 degrees Celsius higher than average (relative to the 1981 to 2010 climatology) over the Arctic Ocean (measured about 1km above the surface).
The ice will continue to melt for another couple of weeks.
Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2011 shows a decline of 9.3% per decade.
Sea ice data updated daily, with one-day lag. Orange line in extent image (left) and gray line in time series (right) indicate 1979 to 2000 average extent for the day shown. Click for high-resolution image. Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Monthly August ice extent for 1979 to 2011 shows a decline of 9.3% per decade. Credit: NSIDC
Other Disasters
Texas Wildfire Stats (issued by TFS)
Date: Wednesday, September 7, 2011
National Preparedness Level: 3
Southern Area Preparedness Level: 4
TFS Preparedness Level: 5
“Yesterday Texas Forest Service responded to 19 new fires for 1,490 acres, including new large fires in Red River and Rusk counties. In the past seven days Texas Forest Service has responded to 172 fires for 135,051 acres.”
“An assessment has been completed on the Bastrop County Complex and 785 homes have been reported destroyed. An additional 238 have been reported lost on other fires in the past three days, for a total of approximately 1,023.”
Texas governor Rick Perry is on record as saying climate change is essentially a hoax:
“I just happen to believe the Earth’s temperature has been moving up and down for millenniums now.” Claiming that scientists disagree on the cause he added, “I happen to be one who is skeptical.”
“To spend billions of dollars” addressing an issue like that, Perry said, is “not in America’s best interests.
“I think there are a substantial number of scientists who have manipulated data so that they will have dollars rolling into their projects. And I think we are seeing almost weekly, or even daily, scientists are coming forward and questioning the original idea that man-made global warming is what is causing the climate to change. I don’t think, from my perspective, that I want America to be engaged in spending that much money on still a scientific theory that has not been proven, and from my perspective, is more and more being put into question.” Perry said.
In April Perry issued an official proclamation asking “Texans of all faiths and traditions” to pray for rain over the three-day Easter weekend.
“Now, therefore, I, Rick Perry, governor of Texas, under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the State of Texas, do hereby proclaim the three-day period from Friday, April 22, 2011, to Sunday, April 24, 2011, as Days of Prayer for Rain in the State of Texas,” the proclamation, posted on the governor’s website, began.
Perry should know that prayers without a “vow of repentance,” a “plea for forgiveness” and a “promise of abstinence” invariably backfire, in his case literally!
Arctic Sea Ice Down to Second-Lowest Extent; Likely Record-Low Volume – NSIDC
The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) says despite cooler temperatures and ice-favoring conditions, long-term decline of Arctic ice cover is continuing.
The 2008 observation strongly reinforces the thirty-year downward trend in Arctic ice extent, NSIDC said. The 2008 low was 34% below the long-term September average for the 1979 to 2000 period and only 9% greater than the 2007 record low. The 2008 low was so far below the average, it forced the negative trend in September extent downward to –11.7 % per decade (from 10.7 %).
A comparison of ice age in September 2007 (left) and September 2008 (right) shows the increase in thin first-year ice (red) and the decline in thick multi-year ice (orange and yellow). White indicates areas of ice below ~50 percent, for which ice age cannot be determined. AVHRR, SMMR SSM/I, and IABP buoy data.
—From National Snow and Ice Data Center courtesy C. Fowler, J. Maslanik, and S. Drobot, University of Colorado at Boulder – High-resolution image
“The trend of decline in the Arctic continues, despite this year’s slightly greater extent of sea ice. The Arctic is more vulnerable than ever.” —NSIDC Lead Scientist Ted Scambos
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