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Posts Tagged ‘volcanic ash’

Angry Colima Volcano Erupts Again

Posted by feww on December 6, 2015

Impressive column of ash erupts out of Mexico’s Colima volcano

Mexico’s Colima volcano ejected a significant column of ash and volcanic gasses into the air in the latest of a series of intermittent eruptions, that began last year.

The column rose to a height of about 2.5km above the crater, moving north-east, reported Mexico’s civil protection authorities.

In July 2015, Colima volcano was behaving “atypically,” showing signs similar to a major eruption in 1913, said Mexico’s interior ministry.

Located in the south-western Mexican state of Colima, the 3,839-m volcano, aka Volcán de Fuego [“Volcano of Fire,”] is part of the Colima Volcanic Complex (CVC), comprising of Volcán de Colima, Nevado de Colima and the El Cantaro.

Colima is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. It is also potentially the most hazardous volcano in the country, with more than 300,000 people living within a 40-km radius of the mountain, and a major eruption could affect about half a million people.

The July eruption forced the evacuation of about 800 residents within a 12-km radius of the volcano. The authorities also closed the airport in the state of Colima, due to the large amounts of volcanic ash which fell in the area.

Eruptions have occurred in 1986, 1991, 1998–1999 and continually since 2001, with the most recent events occurring on November 21, 2014, January 10, 21 and 25, and July 10, 2015.

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Mt Gamalama Erupts

Posted by feww on July 17, 2015

Another Indonesian volcano erupting, more airports shut

Mt Gamalama in Ternate, North Maluku, erupted Thursday morning local time, releasing large clouds of ejecta more than 1.5km into the sky.

At least five Indonesian airports are now closed due to eruptions at Raung and Gamalama volcanoes:

The airports serving Surabaya and Malang in East Java, near Raung volcano and Ternate in North Maluku, near Gamalama volcano.

Airports in Banyuwangi and Jember near Raung volcano have remained closed since last week.

Additionally, Juanda International Airport and Abdurahman Saleh Airport were also closed temporarily, Antara News reported.

GAMALAMA Volcano

The 1,715-meter volcano comprises the entire island of Ternate, located in Maluku Islands, Indonesia.

A 1775 eruption killed an estimated 1,500 people. in 2011, several people were killed and many more were injured from lahar after a weeks of activity.

In December 2014, a thick layer of ash ejected from the volcano forced the closure of Babullah Airport in Ternate.

Volcanology of Java

Made up almost entirely of volcanic eruptions, the island of Java contains dozens of volcanoes including at least 45 that are considered to be “active” volcanoes.

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Colima Volcano Erupts, Hundreds Evacuated in W. Mexico

Posted by feww on July 12, 2015

Hundreds evacuated, airport closed as Colima volcano ejects large amounts of ash into the air

Colima volcano is behaving “atypically,” showing signs similar to a major eruption in 1913, said Mexico’s interior ministry.

The 1913 eruption, the largest on record since  1576, lasted for 5 days between January 20 and 24.

About 800 residents within a 12-km radius of the volcano have been evacuated. The authorities have also closed the airport in the state of Colima, due to the large amounts of volcanic ash “falling in the area,” said reports.

The volcano began erupting early Thursday and became increasingly active, spewing lava and large amounts of ash.

Colima, kla, Volcán de Fuego [“Volcano of Fire,”] is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. It is also potentially the most hazardous volcano in the country, with more than 300,000 people living within a 40-km radius of the mountain.

Recent volcanic eruptions leading to mass evacuations

Posted in active volcano, significant events, volcano alert, volcano erupts, Volcano Watch | Tagged: , , , , , | 8 Comments »

Volcanic Ash Forces Closure of Five Indonesian Airports

Posted by feww on July 10, 2015

Volcanic eruption forces closure of five airports in Indonesia

Continued eruptions at Mount Raung in East Java has forced the authorities to shut down five airports in Indonesia, after volcanic ash disrupted many flights between Bali and Australia for a second day. Flight cancellations have since stranded thousands of traveler.

Increased activity was first detected at the volcano on June 24, 2015. The volcano began to eject volcanic matter on June 29, creating an ash cloud that led to warnings being issued to residents within a 3-km radius of the caldera, and flight disruptions in and out of Bali.

The five airports that are currently closed are:

  • Denpasar International Airport in Bali (Ngurah Rai International Airport)
  • The International Airport in Lombok
  • Selaparang Airport (Lombo)
  • Blimbingsari Airport in Banyuwangi (Java)
  • Notohadinegoro Airport  (Jember, East Java)

Mt. Raung
The 3,333-meter volcano, one of Indonesia’s most active volcanoes, is a massive stratovolcano located in the province of East Java, and has a 2-km-wide and 500-metre-deep caldera. Ruang is about 140km northwest of Bali’s Denpasar airport.

Continued Eruptions

Local Volcanologists say the ash eruptions could last for several weeks, possibly longer. In that case tens of thousands of residents in East Java and neighboring islands may have to be evacuated. [See also earlier blog entries on Impact of Indonesian volcanic eruption s on Singapore.]

Volcanology of Java

Made up almost entirely of volcanic eruptions, the island of Java contains dozens of volcanoes including at least 45 that are considered to be “active” volcanoes.

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Chaparrastique Spews More Ash, Volcanic Gases

Posted by feww on December 31, 2013

Chaparrastique Volcano in Eastern El Salvador is Still Spewing Ash and Volcanic Gases

Up to 5,000 people live near the volcano, and the authorities have so far evacuated more than 1,600 to emergency shelters, but many have refused to leave their homes on the volcano slopes.

“The Chaparrastique volcano is still producing gases combined with small emissions of ash, which is normal after an eruption,” said  El Salvador’s environment ministry.

The 2,130-m high volcano,  El Salvador’s third highest, ejected columns of smoke and ash up to 5km above the summit on Sunday

Chaparrastique, aka San Miguel volcano, located about 15km SW of San Miguel city (population: 180,000), and about 140 km east of San Salvador, the capital, showed signs of increased activity on December 13.

The eruption has so far deposited more than 10cm of ash in the nearby areas within the coffee-producing region, according to reports.

chaparistique - Elsalvador-dotcom
Latest image of Chaparistique Eruption. Source: El-Salvador.com

ash from san migul eruption on coffee plants
 Chaparistique eruption deposits volcanic ash on coffee plants. Source: El-Salvador.com

El Salvador

El Salvador sits along the Pacific Ring of Fire, close to Middle America Trench, and is subject to significant tectonic movement, causing frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. The tiny country (population: 6.3 million) is home to at least 23 volcanoes.

Middle America Trench

A major subduction zone known for many large earthquakes, the Middle America Trench is a 2,800-km long oceanic trench in the eastern Pacific Ocean, extending from central Mexico to Costa Rica. The trench is the boundary between five tectonic plates, including the Caribbean, Cocos (and Rivera), Nazca, the North American and the South American plates.

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Large Magma Lake Lurking Beneath Iceland

Posted by feww on May 23, 2011

ABANDON ICELAND 

Icelandic Volcano Activity Could Increase Exponentially and Dramatically in the Next 5 Years

FIRE-EARTH analysis indicate that a massive lake of magma may be boiling under Iceland, which could rise to the surface anytime. Large volumes of lava could cover Iceland, making life on the volcanic island impossible. European countries MUST help to evacuate Icelanders without delay.

Grímsvötn began erupting just after 17:30 on Saturday May 21st, with the plume reaching a height of more than 20 km above the Vatnajokull glacier. During the morning of May 22, the plume reached an  altitude of 10km, rising occasionally to 15 km, Iceland Met Office (IMO) reported.

Most Violent Eruption

The Grímsvötn latest eruption was the volcano’s most violent  since 1873, according to a University of Iceland Geophysics Professor.

The eruption turned the day into night as an inch thick cloud of ash fell on the area, covering buildings, roads and cars, and reducing the visibility to less than a meter (3 feet) eyewitnesses said.


Grímsvötn volcano MODIS satellite image acquired at about 05:00UTC on May 22, 2011  shows the plume casting shadow to the west. Source: IMO

Lightning Activity

Intense lightning activity was reported follows the eruption.  “Never before have as many lightning been observed in a volcanic eruption in Iceland.” IMO reported.


Grímsvötn volcano lightning activity. Click image to enlarge.

The hourly lightning count peaked at 2,198 strokes between 00:00 and 01:00 on 22 May 2011. Whereas, the highest hourly count during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption was only 22 which occurred between 08:00 and 09:00 on 16 May 2010.

Ash Cloud

The eruption has forced the closure of Iceland’s main airport. Ash from Grímsvötn volcano could reach northern Scotland by Tuesday May 24 and  Britain, France and Spain by the weekend if the eruption continues at the same rate, UK Met Office said.


Volcanic Ash Advisory. Source Met UK.

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Renewed Eyjafjallajökull ash causes more air chaos

Posted by feww on May 9, 2010

Dozens of airports closed, hundreds of flights canceled,  many more diverted.

Renewed eruption at Eyjafjallajökull caused more volcanic ash to invade European airspace, forcing a new wave of flight cancellations and airport closures in Spain, as well as parts of Ireland Italy, Portugal, Scotland and the England.

At least 28 airports were forced to close from several hours to more than a day, causing hundreds of cancellations, and many flight diversions.

There were also flight cancellation to and from Switzerland, Southern and Central France, Northern Italy and Northern Portugal.

IMO Status Report said the eruption was  still in an explosive phase,  with the plume reaching a height of about 5km.

Volcanic Ash Shuts Down Spanish Airports

Eyjafjallajökull from Hvolsvelli webcam

Eyjafjallajökull eruption seen from Hvolsvelli webcam. Top of the plume is seen emerging and towering above the clouds. Click image to enlarge.


Volcanic Ash Advisory from London – Issued graphics (UK Met Office)


Click image to enlarge.


Eyjafjallajökull Ash Cloud still drifting toward southern Europe. © Copyright EUMETSAT/Met Office. Click image to enlarge.

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Guatemala’s Santiaguito volcano continues to erupt

Posted by feww on April 30, 2010

Santiaguito volcano rains ash over western Guatemala

On 20 April, INSIVUMEH reported explosions from Santa María’s Santiaguito, which produced ash plumes rising to altitudes of 2.8-3.4 km (9,200-11,200 feet), Global Volcanism Program said.

On Monday 26, April the volcano erupted violently sending a plume of ash 8.3 km (27,300 feet) a.s.l., news articles reported.

The volcano has calmed since Monday’s violent burst, however, it’s still erupting, according to disaster response agency spokesman David De Leon, AP said.

De Leon was quoted as saying that the eruption had damaged local flower harvests, though no injury was caused. A no-fly  ban was imposed 20 kilometers from the volcano  schools were closed in 10 communities as a precaution.

Formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902, Santiaguito is  a 1-km-wide crater on the 3,772-meter Santa Maria volcano, located about 200 kilometers northwest of Guatemala City.

It’s believed that about 2,500 people were perished as a result of the 1902 eruption.


Santiaguito volcano, seen from the summit of Santamaria. GNU License.


Photo by Jon Fink, Arizona State University, 1988 (courtesy of Bill Rose, Michigan Technological University), via GVP.

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Posted in environment, Santiaguito volcano, volcanic activity, volcanic ash, volcanic eruption | Tagged: , , , , , | Leave a Comment »

British pilot aborts flight: “We can smell ash!”

Posted by feww on April 22, 2010

Was volcanic ash responsible for the plane’s engine trouble?

A frightened British pilot flying a Boeing 757 to Crete to rescue stranded holidaymakers was forced to abort the flight after smelling ash on takeoff followed by engine fault.

“An audio file obtained by ‘The Sun’ reveals the conversation between the pilot and air traffic control.” Bild reported.

“We believe we’re in clear air at the moment, but we’ve definitely had the smell of the ash in the aircraft and twice one of our engine bleed airs has failed so we’re pretty sure its volcanic ash,” the Thomas Cook pilot said.

More…

The pilot reported smelling ash to air traffic control, first at 16,000 feet and then again at 20,000 feet, during the initial climb.

“In the climb, we could smell the ash. The smell stayed on for a while. Once we’d levelled at 39 [39,000 feet] we then lost one engine bleed, so we’ve taken all the required actions for volcanic ash encounter.” The pilot said.

Thomas Cook dismissed the pilot’s claim as a “minor technical fault with its air conditioning.” They said the flight was not aborted due to volcanic ash and that the plane was not in any danger.

However, according to a former pilot,  Lawrence Rayment, the problem was “uncommon,” the report said.

“It is a very uncommon fault. For it to happen as the plane flew through the ash cloud is a worry.” He said.

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Posted in Europe Flight Ban, eyjafjalla, Eyjafjallajökull eruption, impact of volcanic ash, Thomas Cook pilot | Tagged: , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano Cauldron – Satellite Images

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

Eyjafjallajökull Volcano Cauldron and Ash Plume  Seen in NASA Satellite Images


Visible (left) and infrared (right) images of Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano, acquired April 17, 2010, from the Hyperion instrument onboard NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft. Image credit: NASA/JPL/EO-1 Mission/GSFC/Ashley Davies

In the left-hand image, created from visible wavelengths, new black ash deposits are visible on the ground, as well as nearby brilliant unsullied ice and snow and the volcano’s brown, billowing plume. The plume’s dark color reflects its large ash content. These fine particles of pulverized rock are carried high into the atmosphere, where they create a hazard for aviation and are carried long distances by the prevailing winds.

In contrast, the false-color, infrared image at the right reveals the intense thermal emissions (at least 60 megawatts, or 60 million watts) emanating from the vent at the base of the massive plume. This thermal emission, equivalent to the energy consumption of 60,000 homes, represents only a small proportion of the total energy being released by the volcano as its molten lava interacts violently with ice and water. Each image covers an area measuring 7.7 kilometers (4.8 miles) wide, and has a resolution of 30 meters (98 feet) per pixel. The vertical direction is north-northeast. Images and Caption: NASA [Edited for brevity.]

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Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – Satellite Images
Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – UPDATE Apr 18 [Other links to Eyjafjallajökull are found on this page]

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Posted in Eyjafjallajökull, Fimmvörduháls, Iceland volcano, volcanic eruption, volcano | Tagged: , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Lift Volcanic Ash Flight Ban—Multinationals

Posted by feww on April 19, 2010

Sacrificing Sanity for Money

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption Status:

  • Currently erupting with the ash plume reaching a height of about 7.5km
  • A large pocket of ash is drifting toward Europe


Volcanic Ash Advisory from London Met Office – Issued graphics – Received at 06:36GMT on 19 April 2010


Above is an illustration of volcanic ash dispersion up to 20,000 ft, issued at 7 pm on 18 April. Advisory charts are issued every six hours, for up to 18 hours ahead, by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center.

Latest updates and advisories from UK Met Office –

Last updated: 20:26GMT on Sunday, 18 April 2010

… because of the worsening volcanic activity UK airspace has now been closed until 7am Monday.

The Eyjafjallajökull volcano is still erupting and weather patterns continue to blow volcanic ash towards the UK. Over the weekend, Met Office observations have detected dust in the atmosphere and on the ground. A research aircraft has recently encountered dust during its flight, albeit in fairly low concentrations

Decisions on flights and airline movement is controlled by National Air Traffic Services (NATS).

We will continue to produce forecasts of the ash cloud and will assess the impact into the week in consultations with CAA and NATS.

“We’re losing money, besides our test flights didn’t fall out of the sky.”

Europe’s air industry as well as a large number of international corporation have demanded an urgent removal of flight bans imposed because of ash from Eyjafjallajökull volcano.

Siding with the corporate paymasters, EU Transport Commissioner Siim Kallas is on record as saying that the “unprecedented situation” was “not sustainable” and that European authorities were working to find a solution.

“We cannot just wait until this ash cloud dissipates,” Siim Kallas was reported as saying.

Airspaces in 21 European countries were closed or partially closed as of posting.

According to the International Airports Council, ACI, about 313 airports had been completely or partially shut down because of the no-fly ban with an international  backlog of 63,000 canceled flights representing just under 7 million air travelers [Fir earth estimates are 78,000 flight and 14 million passengers.]

The airports are hit by a double whammy because they no longer just places where planes take off and land; they are colossal shopping malls, targeting the air travelers. On a per passenger basis, the airports are making more money than the airlines. [In case you ever wondered why you have to go to the airport 3-6 hours before your flight and walk 12 km to board the plane…]

Why is volcanic ash do dangerous?

Volcanic ash is composed of small tephra, or tiny bits of pulverized glass and rock that are created by volcanic eruptions. The particles are usually accompanied by several gases including sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is mixed with water in the air and converted into droplets of sulfuric acid and other substances that are harmful to the plane. Volcanic ash is potentially deadly to aircraft and their passengers. It poses three types of danger to aircraft by way of:

  • Clogging the engine and causing engine failure
    • Clogging the fuel and cooling systems
    • Melting in the hot parts of the engine, and fusing on engine components thereby causing loss of engine thrust that could lead into a flame out, shutting down the engine
    • Breaking the blades and other sensitive components inside the turbine
  • Causing physical damage to various parts of the plane including abrasion of engine parts, the airframe, as well as control and steering mechanism
  • Reducing visibility

What about the test flights?

Dutch and German airlines as well as British Airways have carried out “test flight” within the no-fly zone at altitudes of about 30,000ft (9.1km) on Saturday and Sunday, apparently without any visible damage to the planes.

The most obvious dangers of such recklessness are that the concentration of airborne ash particles is neither uniform, nor constant. The impact of ash on the plane may vary depending on several factors including continued activity at the volcano, which produces more ash as the time goes by, wind pasterns and others.

High concentrations of ash may exists in air pockets that the previous test flights avoided, or changing wind patterns could increase the concentration of ash in an air route within minutes.

Airlines are desperate because, in addition to losing money for each flight canceled [they claim the ban is costing them $200million each day,] their stock values are taking a nosedive, too. In fact some of the major carriers could lose by as much as 10 percent of their share values by Tuesday.

Why Airlines Might Prefer Crashing their Planes…

Do airlines prefer crashing their planes, rather than having them idle on the airport tarmacs? The arithmetic is simple: If an airline crashes a plane, insurance will pay.  If the planes sits on the tarmac, they lose money.

Countries that have been impacted

The Airspace in the following countries are fully closed:
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK

Airspace partially closed:

Italy (northern airspace closed until Monday); Norway (2 -3 airports closed); Bulgaria (only a few airports are open); Poland (half dozen airports, including Warsaw, are open); Sweden (northern airports are now open); France (southern airports have now opened)

NO airspace restriction:

Greece, Lithuania, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine

Carriers that have canceled flights to Europe on Monday:

China Airlines of Taiwan, Cathay Pacific,  Japan Airlines, Qantas, Air New Zealand, Thai Airways and Korean Air.

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Posted in Iceland volcano | Tagged: , , | 1 Comment »

Eyjafjallajökull Eruption – Satellite Images

Posted by feww on April 17, 2010

Ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull eruption has grounded about 30,000 flights, so far!


Ash from Iceland’s erupting Eyjafjallajökull Volcano had drifted over northern Europe by April 16, 2010. The brown ash is mixed with clouds in this photo-like image taken by MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite at 12:45 p.m. local time (GMT/UTC+2) on April 16,2010. The visible ash sweeps in an arc across the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, and Russia. Additional ash is most probably masked by clouds. Source: NASA. Click image to enlarge.


The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image on April 15, 2010. A volcanic plume blows from Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in southern Iceland toward the east-southeast. The plume’s tan hue indicates a high ash content. Volcanic ash consists of tiny jagged particles of rock which can cause engine failure, if sucked into an airplane’s turbines. Source: NASA. Click image to enlarge.

DLR, TerraSAR-X, via Associated Press

A computer enhanced image of  Eyjafjallajokull glacier in Iceland acquired by the TerraSAR-X satellite on April 16, 2010 (late PM).
Image may be subject to copyright. Click image to enlarge.

For the latest Eyjafjallajökull update and links see

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Posted in Eyjafjallajökull, Fimmvörduháls, Iceland volcano, Katla, Laki | Tagged: , , , , , , | 2 Comments »

Shiveluch spewes large plumes of ash

Posted by feww on June 30, 2009

Shiveluch volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula ejects ash to a height of 7km

Shiveluch volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia’s northernmost active volcano,  spewed out ash to a height of some 7,000 meters (23,000 feet), the local geophysics service reported on Monday.

The service had registered about 60 tremors within the area in the previous 24 hours.

“Some of them were followed by powerful ash bursts and avalanches,” a spokesman for the service said.

Shiveluch volcano erupted in December 2006. Local scientists expect the volcano to erupt explosively soon.

“Volcanic activity over the past two-three years has significantly altered the contour of the volcano, with the crater increasing in size by 50% and the slopes becoming far steeper.” RiaNovosti reported.

Related Links:

Previous Comments by FEWW

FEWW Volcanic Activity Forecast

Posted in Explosive Eruption, Kamchatka peninsula, Kamchatka volcanoes, Koryakski volcano, Russian volcano | Tagged: , , , , | Leave a Comment »

Two Volcanoes Erupt in Japan

Posted by feww on February 2, 2009

Japan’s Asama volcano and Mount Sakurajima erupted early Monday, Asama spewing hot rocks and raining ash as far away as Tokyo.

Residents in population centers near Mount Asama about 150 kilometers (95 miles) northwest of Tokyo were advised to wear masks as Asama ejected fumes, hot rocks and ash about 1:51 am local time, spewing lava shortly afterward.


White smoke rises from Mount Asama in Tsumagoi, about 140 km (87 miles) northwest of Tokyo, Feb. 2, 2009. The volcano in central Japan erupted on Monday, spewing hot rocks and ash, but there was no major damage in the sparsely populated vicinity, the Japan Meteorological Agency said.  (Xinhua/Reuters Photo). Image may be subject to copyright.

The 2,568-meter (8,425-foot) volcano ejected a plume of fumes and ash about 2km into the air, covering the towns at the foot of Mt Asama with white volcanic ash.  The volcanic ash also reached Tokyo, traveling as far as Yokohama city southeast of Japan’s capital.

Mount Asama has been active for several thousand years, and frequently ejects small amounts of ash from its crater. It last erupted in August 2008, however, its last major eruption occurred on September 1, 2004, spewing hot rock and sprinkling ash as far as 180 km away, and causing damage to crops.  In 1783 it erupted violently causing extensive damage to property and killing as many as 2,000 people.

Japan’s meteorological agency also reported that Mount Sakurajima, a 1,117-metre (3,686-foot) volcano, had erupted eight times between Sunday evening and early Monday Morning.

Home to some 108 active volcanoes, Japan sits atop the Eurasian, Pacific, Philippine and North American tectonic plates whose movements cause numerous earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The country experiences about 20 percent of the world’s major earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater.


Asama, Honshu’s most active volcano, overlooks the resort town of Karuizawa, 140 km NW of Tokyo. The volcano is located at the junction of the Izu-Marianas and NE Japan volcanic arcs. The modern cone of Maekake-yama forms the summit of the volcano and is situated east of the horseshoe-shaped remnant of an older andesitic volcano, Kurofu-yama, which was destroyed by a late-Pleistocene landslide about 20,000 years before present (BP). Growth of a dacitic shield volcano was accompanied by pumiceous pyroclastic flows, the largest of which occurred about 14,000-11,000 years BP, and by growth of the Ko-Asama-yama lava dome on the east flank. Maekake-yama, capped by the Kama-yama pyroclastic cone that forms the present summit of the volcano, is probably only a few thousand years old and has an historical record dating back at least to the 11th century AD. Maekake-yama has had several major plinian eruptions, the last two of which occurred in 1108 (Asama’s largest Holocene eruption) and 1783 AD. Caption: Global Volcanism program. Photo by Richard Fiske, 1961 (Smithsonian Institution).


Sakura-jima, one of Japan’s most active volcanoes, is a post-caldera cone of the Aira caldera at the northern half of Kagoshima Bay. Eruption of the voluminous Ito pyroclastic flow accompanied formation of the 17 x 23 km wide Aira caldera about 22,000 years ago. The smaller Wakamiko caldera was formed during the early Holocene in the NE corner of the Aira caldera, along with several post-caldera cones. The construction of Sakura-jima began about 13,000 years ago on the southern rim of Aira caldera and built an island that was finally joined to the Osumi Peninsula during the major explosive and effusive eruption of 1914. Activity at the Kita-dake summit cone ended about 4850 years ago, after which eruptions took place at Minami-dake. Frequent historical eruptions, recorded since the 8th century, have deposited ash on Kagoshima, one of Kyushu’s largest cities, located across Kagoshima Bay only 8 km from the summit. The largest historical eruption took place during 1471-76.
Caption: GVP

Copyrighted photo by Shun Nakano (Japanese Quaternary Volcanoes database, RIODB, http://riodb02.ibase.aist.go.jp/strata/VOL_JP/EN/index.htm and Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.gsj.jp/).

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Posted in active volcanoes, Eurasian tectonic plate, Japan Meteorological Agency, major earthquake, North American tectonic plate | Tagged: , , , , | 2 Comments »

Chaitén: Volcano that Doesn’t Sleep

Posted by feww on December 24, 2008

Chaitén volcano: Entering 8th months of activity


Acquired December 5, 2008                                                                   NASA Earth Observatory

Chile’s Chaitén Volcano erupted violently on May 2, 2008, after an estimated 9,000 years of dormancy. The volcano has since spewed ash across Patagonia, ejecting  pumice as far as the nearby gulf, and sending lahars into the town of Chaitén.

The town of Chaitén, located about 10 kilometers from the volcano, is seen covered with volcanic ash in this  satellite image captured by Formosat on December 5, 2008.  West of town, ash forms fan-shaped deposits in what used to be Chaitén’s harbor.  Río Blanco is clogged with ash and appears completely white in the image.

Formosat image © 2008 Dr. Cheng-Chien Liu, National Cheng-Kung University, and Dr. An-Ming Wu, National Space Organization, Taiwan. Caption by Michon Scott.
Instrument: FORMOSAT-2 – RSI
Date Acquired: December 5, 2008

Posted in Global Volcanism Program, lava dome, Río Blanco | Tagged: , , , , | 2 Comments »

Latest From TAAL and other Philippines Volcanoes

Posted by feww on August 31, 2008

As per FEWW Forecast, Taal Volcano has begun seismic unrest significantly increasing the probability of  explosive eruptions

Taal Volcano Advisory

From: Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

28 August 2008 –  4:00 P.M.

This is to notify the public and concerned authorities on the ongoing seismic unrest at Taal Volcano.

The Taal seismic network recorded ten (10) volcanic earthquakes from 5:30 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. today. Two (2) of these quakes that occurred at 12:33 and 12:46 P.M. were both felt at intensity II by residents at barangay Pira-piraso. These quakes were accompanied by rumbling sounds. The events were located northeast of the volcano island near Daang Kastila area with depths of approximately 0.6km (12:33 P.M.) and 0.8km (12:46 P.M.)


Taal Volcano Seen through Lake Taal (Photo: Jhun Taboga)


A cinder cone in an acidic lake on Taal Volcano (Credit: JG Moore of the US Geological Survey)

Surface thermal observations however, did not indicate significant change in the thermal and steam manifestations of the Main Crater Lake area.

The increase in seismicity at Taal Volcano reflects a low-level episode of unrest. Alert Level 1 remains in effect over Taal Volcano. At present, no imminent eruption is indicated although the public is advised to observe some precautions. In this regard, PHIVOLCS reminds the general public that the Main Crater area is off-limits because steam explosions may suddenly occur. Other hazards within the Main Crater may be the build up of toxic gases in case of more pronounced volcanic reactivation. The northern portion of the Main Crater rim, in the vicinity of Daang Kastila Trail, may also be hazardous, when reactivated with steam emission and increased thermal activity. Furthermore, the public is reminded that Taal Volcano Island is a high-risk area and permanent danger zone, hence, habitation is strictly not recommended.

Related Links:

Mayon Volcano Advisory

August 10, 2008 – 12:00 P.M.

At 9:12 A.M. today, Mayon Volcano manifested mild ash explosion that reached an approximate height of 200 m above the summit crater before drifting east-northeast. The ash-ejection was recorded as explosion-type earthquake which lasted for one minute by the seismic network deployed around the volcano.Immediately after the explosion, visual observation becomes hampered by the thick clouds. During the past weeks, seismic activity had slightly increased and crater glow had slightly intensified. Precise leveling surveys conducted at Mayon from May 10 – 22, 2008 compared to February 17 – March 2, 2008 survey also showed inflation of the volcanic edifice.

The above observations show that Mayon Volcano is undergoing an episode of increased activity probably related to magma movement and post eruptive behavior of the volcano. Although no major eruption is indicated, steam and ash explosions may occur in the following days.

In view of the above, PHIVOLCS reiterates that Mayon Volcano’s status remains at Alert Level 1. The public, however, is reminded that the 7-km Extended Danger Zone (EDZ) at the southeastern flank of the volcano and the 6-km radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) at other areas remain off-limits due to the continuing threat from sudden small explosions and rockfalls from the upper slopes. Active river channels and those areas perennially identified as lahar-prone around the volcano should be avoided when there is heavy and prolonged rainfall. PHIVOLCS is keeping a tight watch over Mayon and shall immediately report any significant development to all concerned.

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Mayon Volcano Ejects Ash

Posted by feww on August 11, 2008

Mayon Volcano: ‘undergoing an episode of increased activity’

Mayon Volcano Advisory – PHIVOLCS

August 10, 2008 – 12:00 P.M.

At 9:12 A.M. today, Mayon Volcano manifested mild ash explosion that reached an approximate height of 200 m above the summit crater before drifting east-northeast. The ash-ejection was recorded as explosion-type earthquake which lasted for one minute by the seismic network deployed around the volcano. Immediately after the explosion, visual observation becomes hampered by the thick clouds. During the past weeks, seismic activity had slightly increased and crater glow had slightly intensified. Precise leveling surveys conducted at Mayon from May 10 – 22, 2008 compared to February 17 – March 2, 2008 survey also showed inflation of the volcanic edifice.

Mayon Volcano overlooks a pastoral scene some five months before the volcano’s violent eruption in September 1984. Ruins from a nearby church destroyed in an 1814 eruption are visible in the foreground. One of the climbing approaches to the 2,462 meter Mayon Volcano begins on the northwest slope near the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology research station. [Credit: Randy C. Bunney. Permission: CC-BY-SA-2.5. Source and Caption: Wikimedia Commons.]


Pyroclastic flows at Mayon Volcano, Philippines, 1984. Pyroclastic flows descend the south-eastern flank of Mayon Volcano, Philippines. Maximum height of the eruption column was 15 km above sea level, and volcanic ash fell within about 50 km toward the west. There were no casualties from the 1984 eruption because more than 73,000 people evacuated the danger zones as recommended by scientists of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. [Credit: C.G. Newhall, USGS.]


Mayon Volcano as seen from space. [NASA]
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The above observations show that Mayon Volcano is undergoing an episode of increased activity probably related to magma movement and post eruptive behavior of the volcano. Although no major eruption is indicated, steam and ash explosions may occur in the following days.
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In view of the above, PHIVOLCS reiterates that Mayon Volcano’s status remains at Alert Level 1. The public, however, is reminded that the 7-km Extended Danger Zone (EDZ) at the southeastern flank of the volcano and the 6-km radius Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) at other areas remain off-limits due to the continuing threat from sudden small explosions and rockfalls from the upper slopes. Active river channels and those areas perennially identified as lahar-prone around the volcano should be avoided when there is heavy and prolonged rainfall. PHIVOLCS is keeping a tight watch over Mayon and shall immediately report any significant development to all concerned.

Advisory Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Related Links:

Philippines Taal Volcano Could Erupt Anytime!

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Alaska Airlines Defers to Volcanic Ash

Posted by feww on August 11, 2008

Where Alaska Airlines Daren’t Fly!

Alaska Airlines canceled dozens of flights starting Sunday evening as a towering plume of ash created by the eruption of a Kasatochi volcano last week made the flights hazardous. The cancellations affected flights from Alaska and Denver, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, San Francisco, and Vancouver, Canada.

Kasatochi is the third Aleutian volcano erupting since late July. Okmok began erupting July 12 and Mount Cleveland erupted July 21. (FEWW)

Kasatochi Activity – Color Code ORANGE : Alert Level WATCH


AVHRR image showing split window signal for ash plume from Kasatochi. August 08, 2008 (Credit: AVO)

Kasatochi Volcano Latest Observations (AVO)
2008-08-10 23:23:14
Seismic activity detected on stations near Kasatochi continues to be low. This does not imply that seismic activity at the volcano has ceased, only that we detect very little activity at our existing stations, some 25 miles away. The helicorder plots on our web page appears to show increasing seismic activity over the past few hours, however much of this signal is background noise such as wind. The larger signals (e.g. 19:13 AKDT) are regional earthquakes not associated with the volcano.

A large drifting ash cloud from previous ash emissions on August 7 continue to be observed in satellite data. This ash cloud is drifting over the Gulf of Alaska and parts of SE Alaska, which is possibly the reason for a number of flight cancellations. (AVO)

ORANGE/WATCH
2008-08-10 14:11:14 – Status Report
The intense seismic activity associated with the Kasatochi eruption has declined but low level activity can be detected on the AVO seismic network on nearby Great Sitkin Island (about 40 km (25 mi) to the east). Vigorous ash emissions (up to 35,000 feet) have not been observed in satellite data for over two days and AVO has received no pilot reports of ash clouds. (AVO)


Location map showing Kasatochi volcano. Picture Date: August 06, 2008 – Image Creator: Snedigar, Seth – Image courtesy of the AVO/ADGGS.

Coast Guard press release:
The Alaska Volcano Observatory has reported Kasatochi Volcano has erupted just east of Adak Island, an island in the Aleutian Islands chain, causing an ash cloud in the area at an approximate elevation of 45,000 feet.

Due to possible sub-surface eruption , numerous large pumice rafts, volcanic gases, or ash fallout may cause hazards to navigation . All mariners are urged to stay outside of seven nautical miles of Kasatochi Island and to use extreme caution while transiting that area.

Any vessel coming in contact with ash or spotting floating debris is requested to contact the Alaska Volcano Observatory at (907) 786-7497. (USCG)

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Chaitén Volcano: No End Seen to Second Massive Eruption

Posted by feww on May 12, 2008

A Shrinking World Series:

Update #1 – Millions of tons of volcanic ash continue to rain down on Patagonia

Ten days after the Chilean volcano erupted for the first time in thousands of years, volcanic ash continues to rain down in Patagonia.


An eruption on the morning of May 2, 2008 forced the evacuation of more than 4,000 people from the town of Chaitén nearby (10 kilometers distant from the volcano) and caused the death of an elderly woman. The eruption continued through to May 4. Towns such as Futaleufú were affected and water supplies were contaminated. The town of Chaitén and Futaleufú were completely evacuated on the morning of May 6, 2008, due to a massive new eruption, with pyroclastic flows and possible emerging of lava. (Source)

The scientists have expressed grave concerns about the potential long-term environmental damage and the harm to the health of people and animals in the area.

“It has spoiled lakes, rivers and lagoons, coated plants in a dense layer of gray, and altered the sensitive habitat of animals now struggling to survive. Satellite images show a white stripe smeared across the southern part of South America.” Reuters said.
Photo
A bicycle covered in volcanic ash in Futaleufu town, about 1450 km south of Santiago May 11, 2008. Chaiten volcano began erupting May 2, 2008. (Photo: REUTERS/Ivan Alvarado) Image may be subject to copyright. See FEWW Fair Use Notice.

“I am tremendously worried because this is an environmental, social and ecological disaster,” said Alejandro Beletzky, an environmental scientist in Argentina.

“The presence of volcanic ash in the region, which falls constantly, is very risky for humans, plants and animals,” he said near Esquel, about 2,000km southwest of Buenos Aires. (Source)

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