The March Hares and Rising CO2 at Mauna Loa

Trends in Atmospheric CO2: Sky Is the Limit!

Up-to-date weekly average CO2 at Mauna Loa [Last updated: April 17, 2014]
Week beginning on April 6, 2014: 401.25 ppm
Weekly value from 1 year ago: 397.67 ppm
Weekly value from 10 years ago: 380.52 ppm

Recent Global CO2 [Last updated: April 8, 2014]
February 2014:     398.06 ppm
February 2013:     395.61 ppm

Recent Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO2
March 2014: 399.65 ppm
March 2013: 397.31 ppm

Last 5 days of preliminary daily average CO₂
April 16 – 401.24
April 15 – 402.02
April 14 – 402.16
April 13 – 401.71
April 12 – 401.09

 

The graph shows recent monthly mean carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. The last four complete years of the Mauna Loa CO₂ record plus the current year are shown. Data are reported as a dry air mole fraction defined as the number of molecules of carbon dioxide divided by the number of all molecules in air, including CO₂ itself, after water vapor has been removed. The mole fraction is expressed as parts per million (ppm). Example: 0.000400 is expressed as 400 ppm.

In the above figure, the dashed red line with diamond symbols represents the monthly mean values, centered on the middle of each month. The black line with the square symbols represents the same, after correction for the average seasonal cycle. The latter is determined as a moving average of SEVEN adjacent seasonal cycles centered on the month to be corrected, except for the first and last THREE and one-half years of the record, where the seasonal cycle has been averaged over the first and last SEVEN years, respectively.

The last year of data are still preliminary, pending recalibration of reference gases and other quality control checks. The Mauna Loa data are being obtained at an altitude of 3400 m in the northern subtropics, and may not be the same as the globally averaged CO2 concentration at the surface. Source: ESRL/NOAA

 

 

Deadly Tornadoes Attack Oklahoma Again

Tornadoes kill ‘VNV*,’ injure many more in central Oklahoma

Having declared a Tornado Emergency for parts of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area on Friday, the National Weather Service (NWS) warned early Saturday that “Life-threatening” flash floods were hitting much of central and SE Oklahoma and issued Flash Flood Warnings for five additional states.

Gov. Mary Fallin declared a state of emergency. “This has been a very large storm that hit a lot of communities,” she told reporters.

“An extremely unstable air mass has developed across much of Central & Eastern Oklahoma,” the weather service had earlier warned, describing weather conditions as “particularly dangerous.”

“This will likely result in rapid development of severe thunderstorms this afternoon and evening.” NWS said on Friday.

At least five tornadoes touched down in Oklahoma, including a mile-wide twister west of Oklahoma City, causing extensive damage. The tornado-ravaged city of Moore was hit again by a tornado, and experienced widespread flooding.

The tornadoes overturned trucks, tractor trailers and cars on I-40, downing utility poles and tossing livestock on the road, eyewitnesses said.

There were tornadoes on the ground and aloft also in the following places: Oklahoma city,  Joplin, Missouri and St. Louis, Missouri.

The storm system also dumped at least 6 inches of rain  across most of Oklahoma and Canadian counties, stranding thousands of frightened motorists in flood water.

“Another tornado touched down Friday night 7 miles northeast of Moscow Mills, Mo., about 50 miles northwest of St. Louis. In St. Charles County, 24 houses were severely damaged or destroyed, said Mike O’Connell, communications director for the Missouri Department of Public Safety.”

The storm system knocked out power lines and left at least 250,000 customers without electricity across the Midwest.

“On Thursday, storms in Oklahoma and Arkansas killed at least three people, including Scott County, Arkansas, Sheriff Cody Carpenter, whose body was recovered early on Friday, said a spokesman for the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission,” said a report.

Severe Weather Threat Shifts East on Saturday

Another round of severe weather on Saturday is expected, said the NWS Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma, with Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys being the areas for greatest concern. Large hail, damaging winds and isolated strong tornadoes are all possible.

SPC confirmed a total of 36 tornado reports in AR, OK, IL, ND, KS, IA and MO on Thursday and Friday, as of posting.

*[NOTE: VNV stands for a “variable number of victims.”  It is an unspecified number, often more than 5 and less than 250, used for reporting  the number of  disaster deaths, which would otherwise be denied by the state Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.]

Related Links

• Oklahoma City hospitals reported 95 casualties, including four critical patients

-oOo-

State of Emergency Declared in Missouri

Powerful storm system brings heavy rain, severe flooding, straight-line winds, and tornadoes to Missouri, following days of extreme rains that have prompted Flash Flood Warnings across much of the state.

“Much of Missouri is experiencing dangerous severe weather tonight, on the heels of several days of heavy rain,” said Gov. Nixon. “I urge Missourians to closely monitor weather conditions, so they can take shelter or move to higher ground if needed. The risk of severe weather remains with us well into tomorrow. The state of Missouri will continue to work closely with local officials to help protect lives and property from these storms.”

• Parts of more than 200 roads were shut down due to widespread flooding.

• Multiple tornadoes were spotted moving east across the St. Louis area Friday night, with reports of severe damage, said a report.

• A massive tornado touched down near Bridgeton, causing extensive damage near Harvester, MO, and injuring several people, eyewitnesses reported.

-oOo-

State of Emergency Declared in San Miguel County, NM, due to Large Wildfire

Gov. Martinez has declared a State of Emergency in San Miguel County and activated the State Emergency Operations Center after Tres Lagunas fire threatened cabins and vacation homes, and closed a highway, prompting dozens of evacuations near Pecos, NM.

The fast-moving wildfire in New Mexico’s Santa Fe National Forest, located near the communities of Pecos and Tres Lagunas, about 25 miles east of Santa Fe,  has consumed at least 2,000 acres and is threatening the Santa Fe and Las Vegas watersheds.

The National Weather Service is forecasting Critical Fire Weather conditions throughout the State and has declared a Red Flag Warning for the northern half of New Mexico through Saturday.

 -oOo-

Average CO₂ at Mauna Loa: Last 5 days of preliminary daily average CO₂

May 30: 399.99 PPM
May 29: 400.20
May 28: 400.27
May 27: 400.29
May 26: 400.45      

 -oOo-

Apparent Temperature for Friday May 31, 2013

 -oOo-

Melbourne, Australia hit by flash floods after record rainfall

Record rainfall in Australia’ s second largest city Melbourne triggered widespread flash floods. The city received cumulative rainfall of 48.4mm between 9:00 am Friday and 8:00 am Saturday, the largest amount in a June day since 1904.

The one-day record almost equaled the average rainfall for the month June, currently 49.2mm, Australia’s BOM reported.

-oOo-

Flooding kills at least 2,  affects 16,000 others in Xinjiang , NW China

Heavy flooding triggered by extreme rain events in NW China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has killed at least two people and affected thousands of others, according to local authorities.

• About 2,000 residents have been relocated.

• Some 700 homes have been damaged or destroyed .

• More than 13,000 livestock lost.

• Thousands of hectares of crops in Kashgar Prefecture destroyed.

• “The flooding also destroyed local roads, bridges and underground power lines in the region,” said a report.

-oOo-

Iraq Body Count, May 2013

Some 1,045 people were killed in Iraq during May, most of whom were civilians, U.N. reported. According to Iraq Body Count Org, the civilian death toll for may was 883.

In April more than 700 people were killed, according to U.N. figures; Iraq Body Count reported 561 civilian deaths.

[GW Bush, Tony Blair, Obama and the rest of their criminal gangs will be brought to justice, before the global collapse shifts into full gear.]

DISASTER CALENDAR – June 1, 2013 — 
SYMBOLIC COUNTDOWN: 1,015 Days Left 

Mass die-offs resulting from human impact and the planetary response to the anthropogenic assault could occur by early 2016.

• SYMBOLIC COUNTDOWN: 1,015 Days Left to ‘Worst Day’ in the brief Human  History

GLOBAL WARNINGS

• WARNING: Human impact 2.85 x Earth’s diminishing carrying capacity
• WARNING: RAPID PLANETARY DECLINE IN PROGRESS!
• Europe: The First Phase of Collapse Has Started 
• United States: The First Phase of Collapse Has Begun

Global Disasters: Links, Forecasts and Background

• The First Wave of World’s Collapsing Cities
• Back to the Primordial Future
• The Fate of Energy Dinosaurs
• Mass Die-offs

CO2 Tops 400ppm at Mauna Loa as Forecast

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Crosses 400PPM Milestone at Hawaii Observatory

On April 3, FIRE-EARTH forecast that the weekly average atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa could hit 400ppm by May 2013.

Last 5 days of daily average CO₂

May 09 – 400.03  |  May 08 – 399.42  |  May 07 – 399.59  |  May 06 – 399.43 |  May 05 – 399.47  |

This is the first time the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in Hawaii tops 400ppm since measurement began in 1958, according to ESRL data.

The rise to 400ppm level of the atmospheric carbon dioxide represents yet another appalling milestone in the brief history of the homo ignarus.

The last time Earth’s atmosphere contained this much carbon dioxide was probably as many as 5 million years ago.

CO2 Daily and Weekly Means at Mauna Loa.  The weekly mean (red bar) is simply the average of all days in the week for which a background value could be defined. The average standard deviation of day to day variability, calculated as the difference from the appropriate weekly mean, equals 0.38 ppm for the entire record. As a visual aid, the blue lines present monthly means of background data as they are presented under Recent Monthly CO₂ at Mauna Loa. [Source: ESRL/NOAA]

Up-to-date weekly average CO2 at Mauna Loa

• Week of April 28, 2013: 399.58 ppm
• Weekly value from 1 year ago: 396.81 ppm
• Weekly value from 10 years ago: 378.50 ppm

Recent Global CO2

• February 2013: 395.98 ppm
• February 2012: 393.05 ppm

Recent Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO2

• March 2013: 397.34 ppm
• March 2012: 394.45 ppm

Related Links

• 400 PPM April 3, 2013

• WARNING: Human impact 2.85 x Earth’s diminishing carrying capacity
• WARNING: RAPID PLANETARY DECLINE IN PROGRESS!

• Back to the Primordial Future
• The Fate of Energy Dinosaurs

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Update

Weekly average CO₂ at Mauna Loa Observatory 

• Week of April 21, 2013:     398.68 ppm
• Weekly value from 1 year ago:     396.66 ppm
• Weekly value from 10 years ago:     378.46 ppm

One Year of  CO_{2 d}aily and weekly means at Mauna Loa

The graph, updated weekly, shows as individual points daily mean CO₂ up to and including the week (Sunday through Saturday) previous to today. The daily means are based on hours during which CO₂ was likely representative of “background” conditions, defined as times when the measurement is representative of air at mid-altitudes over the Pacific Ocean. That air has had several days time or more to mix, smoothing out most of the CO₂ variability encountered elsewhere, making the measurements representative of CO₂ over hundreds of km or more. The selection process is designed to filter out any influence of nearby emissions, or removals, of CO₂ such as caused by the vegetation on the island of Hawaii, and likewise emissions from the volcanic crater of Mauna Loa.  Source: ESRL/NOAA

Recent Mauna Loa CO₂

• March 2013:     397.34 ppm
• March 2012:     394.45 ppm

Recent Global CO₂

• February 2013:     395.98 ppm
• February 2012:     393.05 ppm

Related Links

• 400 PPM  posted April 3, 2013

400 PPM

Weekly average CO₂ at Mauna Loa could hit 400ppm by May 2013: FIRE-EARTH

FIRE-EARTH projections show, based on the data provided by Mauna Loa Observatory, the average CO2 at Mauna Loa could climb to 400ppm in the next 6 weeks.

Up-to-date weekly average CO₂ at Mauna Loa

• Week of March 24, 2013:     397.92 ppm
• Weekly value from 1 year ago:     395.30 ppm
• Weekly value from 10 years ago:     377.06 ppm

CO2 Daily and Weekly Means at Mauna Loa [April 2012 – March 2013.]  The weekly mean (red bar) is simply the average of all days in the week for which a background value could be defined. The average standard deviation of day to day variability, calculated as the difference from the appropriate weekly mean, equals 0.38 ppm for the entire record. As a visual aid, the blue lines present monthly means of background data as they are presented under Recent Monthly CO₂ at Mauna Loa. [Source: ESRL/NOAA]  

Recent Mauna Loa CO₂

• February 2013:     396.80 ppm
• February 2012:     393.54 ppm

The graph shows recent monthly mean carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. [Source:  ESRL/NOAA]

Monthly mean atmospheric CO2 at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii [Source:  ESRL/NOAA]

Recent Global CO₂

• January 2013:     395.09 ppm
• January 2012:     392.44 ppm

The graph shows recent monthly mean carbon dioxide globally averaged over marine surface sites. [Images sourced from ESRL/NOAA]

Historic

Time history of atmospheric carbon dioxide from 800,000 years ago until January, 2012.

Global average abundances of the major, well-mixed, long-lived greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFC-12 and CFC-11 – from the NOAA global air sampling network are plotted since the beginning of 1979. These gases account for about 96% of the direct radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases since 1750. The remaining 4% is contributed by an assortment of 15 minor halogenated gases (see text). Methane data before 1983 are annual averages from Etheridge et al. (1998), adjusted to the NOAA calibration scale [Dlugokencky et al., 2005].  Source: ESRL/NOAA.  Click on image to view larger image. Click HERE for full size figure .

Atmospheric GHG Break Record

Concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached record high in 2010: WMO

The atmospheric GHG rose faster in 2010 than the decadal average.

Disaster Calendar 2011 – November 21

[November 21, 2011]  Mass die-offs resulting from human impact and the planetary response to the anthropogenic assault could occur by early 2016.  SYMBOLIC COUNTDOWN: 1,577 Days Left to the ‘Worst Day’ in Human History

• Global Mega Disasters. The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached record high in 2010, according to WMO. The atmospheric GHG rose faster in 2010 than the decadal average.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has risen by 39 percent to 389 parts per million (ppm) since 1750.
• Methane (CH4) concentration has climbed by 158 percent since 1750 to a record high of 1,808 parts per billion(ppb), and up by 5 ppb since 2009.
• Nitrous oxide (N2O) levels were 20 percent higher at 323.2ppb   than the pre-industrial era.
• According to the latest Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, the seventh in the series that began in 2004, there has been a 29 percent rise in radiative forcing from greenhouse gases between 1990 and 2010.
• The atmospheric CO2 rose by 2.3ppm in 2010 compared to 2.0ppm in the previous year and the annual average of 1.5 ppm in the 1990s.
• “The atmospheric burden of greenhouse gases due to human activities has yet again reached record levels since pre-industrial time,” said WMO Secretary-General.
• “Even if we managed to halt our greenhouse gas emissions today, and this is far from the case, they would continue to linger in the atmosphere for decades to come and so continue to affect the delicate balance of our living planet and our climate,” he added.

Recent monthly mean carbon dioxide globally averaged over marine surface sites. Source: NOAA

Weekly average CO₂ at Mauna Loa

• Week of November 13, 2011:     390.32 ppm
• Weekly value from 1 year ago:     388.40 ppm
• Weekly value from 10 years ago:     369.79 ppm

Related Links

• The First Wave of World’s Collapsing Cities  (EDRO Forecast)
• 2011 Much More Disastrous: FIRE-EARTH Forecast
• Global Disasters in 2011 Could Impact 1/3 to 1/2 of the Human Population  (FIRE-EARTH Forecast)
• Back to the Primordial Future
• Mass Die-offs  (FIRE-EARTH Forecast)

• 2010 Disaster Calendar 
• 2011 Disaster Calendar

4,024,776,626,758,050

Total Atmospheric CO2e: 4,024.78 Gt

CO₂ at Mauna Loa (weekly average)

Week of May 22, 2011: 394.97 ppm

• Weekly value from 1 year ago:   393.06 ppm
• Weekly value from 10 years ago:   373.93 ppm

Based on the above data, total atmospheric CO2 TODAY:

3,081,994,507,051.11 Mt [3,082Gt]

Combined impact of Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4) and CFC 12 ( CCl2F2) calculated at their full global warming potential: 30.59% of the CO2 Impact, or the CO2 equivalent of

942,782,119,706.94 Mt CO2e [942 Gt CO2e]

Effective Total: 4,024.78 GtCO2e

[MT: Metric Tons;  Gt: Gigatons; CO2e: Carbon Dioxide Equivalent; ppm: parts per million by volume]

Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (ESRL)

The graph, updated weekly, shows as individual points daily mean CO₂ up to and including the week (Sunday through Saturday) previous to today. The daily means are based on hours during which CO₂ was likely representative of “background” conditions, defined as times when the measurement is representative of air at mid-altitudes over the Pacific Ocean. That air has had several days time or more to mix, smoothing out most of the CO₂ variability encountered elsewhere, making the measurements representative of CO₂ over hundreds of km or more. The selection process is designed to filter out any influence of nearby emissions, or removals, of CO₂ such as caused by the vegetation on the island of Hawaii, and likewise emissions from the volcanic crater of Mauna Loa. For details, see ”How we measure background CO2 levels at Mauna Loa”. The same measurement principles also apply elsewhere. The weekly mean (red bar) is simply the average of all days in the week for which a background value could be defined. The average standard deviation of day to day variability, calculated as the difference from the appropriate weekly mean, equals 0.38 ppm for the entire record. As a visual aid, the blue lines present monthly means of background data as they are presented under Recent Monthly CO₂ at Mauna Loa. These data are still preliminary, pending recalibrations of reference gases and other quality control checks. Image and Caption: ESRL.  Click images to enlarge.

This figure shows the atmospheric increase of CO₂ over 280 ppm in weekly averages of CO₂ observed at Mauna Loa. The value of 280 ppm is chosen as representative of pre-industrial air because it is close to the average of CO₂ measured and dated with high time resolution between the years 1000 and 1800 in an ice core from Law Dome, Antarctica. [Etheridge et al., 1996]. Although the time resolution of old air locked in ice cores is not enough to preserve seasonal cycles, there is no doubt that the seasonal cycle, which is mostly caused by photosynthesis and respiration of ecosystems on land, was similar to what we observe today. Therefore, for the comparison with pre-industrial times the Mauna Loa weekly data have been first deseasonalized by subtracting the observed average seasonal cycle, and then subtracting 280 ppm. The enhancement of the CO₂ mole fraction in the atmosphere over pre-industrial is expressed both as ppm and as a percentage change since the year 1800. Data are reported as a dry air mole fraction defined as the number of molecules of carbon dioxide divided by the number of all molecules in air, including CO₂ itself, after water vapor has been removed. The mole fraction is expressed as parts per million (ppm). Example: 0.000400 is expressed as 400 ppm.  Image and Caption: ESRL 

CO2 emissions reach a record high in 2010

Energy-related carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2010 broke all previous records, according to the latest estimates by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Recent Mauna Loa CO₂

The graph shows recent monthly mean carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii.

The last four complete years of the Mauna Loa CO₂ record plus the current year are shown. Data are reported as a dry air mole fraction defined as the number of molecules of carbon dioxide divided by the number of all molecules in air, including CO₂ itself, after water vapor has been removed. The mole fraction is expressed as parts per million (ppm). Example: 0.000400 is expressed as 400 ppm.

In the above figure, the dashed red line with diamond symbols represents the monthly mean values, centered on the middle of each month. The black line with the square symbols represents the same, after correction for the average seasonal cycle. The latter is determined as a moving average of SEVEN adjacent seasonal cycles centered on the month to be corrected, except for the first and last THREE and one-half years of the record, where the seasonal cycle has been averaged over the first and last SEVEN years, respectively.

The last year of data are still preliminary, pending recalibrations of reference gases and other quality control checks. The Mauna Loa data are being obtained at an altitude of 3400 m in the northern subtropics, and may not be the same as the globally averaged CO₂ concentration at the surface.   Image and Caption: ESRL

Full Mauna Loa CO₂ record

Monthly mean atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii – The carbon dioxide data (red curve), measured as the mole fraction in dry air, on Mauna Loa constitute the longest record of direct measurements of CO₂ in the atmosphere. They were started by C. David Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in March of 1958 at a facility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [Keeling, 1976]. NOAA started its own CO₂ measurements in May of 1974, and they have run in parallel with those made by Scripps since then [Thoning, 1989]. The black curve represents the seasonally corrected data.

Data are reported as a dry mole fraction defined as the number of molecules of carbon dioxide divided by the number of molecules of dry air multiplied by one million (ppm).  Image and Caption: ESRL    -Data Set Available HERE

Related Links

• New York Cognitive Dissonance